Read the following passage and answer questions from questions 46 to 50: The…
2022
Read the following passage and answer questions from questions 46 to 50:
The conceptions and treatment of poverty were quite different before 1940. In colonial times the concern with poverty was conditioned by the belief that even if the natives could be somewhat enlightened by the presence of the coloniser, not much could be done about their poverty. It was because their economic development was pointless. The natives’ capacity for science and technology, the basis for economic progress, was seen as nil. However, within Asian, African and Latin or Native American societies, vernacular societies had developed ways of defining and treating poverty that accommodated visions of community, frugality, and sufficiency. It is true that massive poverty in the modern sense appeared only when the spread of market economy broke down the communities. As a result, it deprived millions of people from access to land, water and other resources. With the consolidation of market economy, systemic issues became inevitable.
It is important to know the break that occurred in the conceptions and management of poverty first with the emergence of capitalism in Europe, and later with the advent of development in the Third world. The first break is described in terms of the advent in the nineteenth century of systems for dealing with the poor, based on assistance provided by impersonal institutions. Philanthropy occupied an important place in this transition. The transformation of the poor into the assisted had a profound consequence. The modernisation of poverty invariably affected vernacular relations.
The vernacular societies encountered economic poverty with
Answer: D. Use of resources sparingly — CONCEPTIn literal reading comprehension, identify the passage’s explicit idea and match it to the closest paraphrase. Keep the passage’s time period and…
- A.
Science and technology
- B.
External aid
- C.
Modern ideas
- D.
Use of resources sparingly
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
CONCEPT
In literal reading comprehension, identify the passage’s explicit idea and match it to the closest paraphrase.
Keep the passage’s time period and viewpoint separate so that nearby ideas are not confused.
APPLICATION
The passage says that vernacular societies defined and treated poverty through visions of community, frugality, and sufficiency. Frugality means using resources carefully and sparingly. Therefore, “Use of resources sparingly” expresses the vernacular response described in the passage.
CONTRAST
Science and technology are mentioned as the basis of economic progress that colonial thinking claimed the natives lacked.
External aid belongs to the later system of impersonal institutional assistance for the poor.
Modern ideas belong to the later break associated with capitalism, development, and institutional management of poverty.
Use of resources sparingly is the direct paraphrase of frugality in the vernacular vision.
CROSS-CHECK
The passage places community, frugality, and sufficiency inside the vernacular approach, whereas science and technology, institutional aid, and modern development are discussed in colonial or later frameworks. The result is “Use of resources sparingly.”