SWAYAM is a programme initiated by:

Concept

To identify who initiated a public education programme, distinguish the sponsoring government from institutions that implement, regulate, or deliver parts of the education system.

The programme’s official description is the primary basis for attributing its initiation.

Application

The official SWAYAM portal states that SWAYAM is a programme initiated by the Government of India to advance access, equity, and quality in education.

Contrast

• The National Council of Educational Research and Training develops school-education curriculum resources, textbooks, and research support.

• The University Grants Commission coordinates university education and maintains standards in higher education.

• Indira Gandhi National Open University is a central open university that delivers distance and online higher education.

Cross-check

SWAYAM names national coordinators for different sectors, including institutions such as the University Grants Commission, the National Council of Educational Research and Training, and Indira Gandhi National Open University. Their coordinating roles do not replace programme-level initiation by the Government of India.

Therefore, SWAYAM was initiated by the Government of India.