The belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes is…

Concept — Psychology names four different “self” constructs, and they are told apart by what each one actually refers to: a judgement of one’s own capability to carry out a particular course of action and bring about a desired result; an overall affective evaluation of one’s own worth as a person; the highest growth need in a hierarchy of human needs; and the process by which a person plans, monitors and controls their own behaviour and learning. Identifying which of these a definition points to is what fixes the correct term.

Application — The stem describes a belief a person holds about themselves in relation to a situation, and it carries two elements: a judgement of capability (“can master a situation”) and an expectation about the result that capability will yield (“produce positive outcomes”). A capability judgement tied to producing outcomes is Albert Bandura’s construct of self-efficacy, set out in Social Learning Theory (1977) and Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control (1997). Bandura treats it as domain-specific rather than global, and as built from four sources: mastery experiences, vicarious experience (modelling), social persuasion, and physiological or affective states.

Cross-check — Reading the same definition against each self-construct shows what each one actually evaluates:

Result — Only a capability-plus-outcome judgement matches the stem, so the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes is self-efficacy.