Fluid Mosaic Model of Intelligence was given by

Concept: Psychometric theories of intelligence differ in how they structure mental ability. Note on naming: this item's phrasing, “Fluid Mosaic Model of Intelligence,” is the conventional label used in Indian teacher-eligibility exam materials for Cattell's theory; the standard academic term is the fluid and crystallized intelligence theory (the Gf-Gc theory).

Raymond B. Cattell's theory splits general intelligence into two distinct components — fluid intelligence (Gf), the innate capacity to reason and solve novel problems independent of prior learning, and crystallized intelligence (Gc), knowledge and skill built up through experience and education.

Application: The stem describes this fluid-intelligence-based model of intelligence — this fluid/crystallized distinction is exactly Cattell's 1963 theory, so it is Cattell (later extended by Horn into the Cattell-Horn model, and eventually into the modern Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory) who is credited with this model.

Cross-check — how the other named psychologists' theories differ:

• Guilford proposed the Structure of Intellect model, a three-dimensional cube of operations, contents, and products — a structural classification, not a fluid/crystallized split.

• Thurstone proposed Primary Mental Abilities — seven independent factors (verbal comprehension, numerical ability, etc.) with no single general factor and no fluid/crystallized distinction.

• Spearman proposed the Two-Factor Theory — a general factor (g) common to all tasks plus task-specific factors (s) — again a different structural account.

Result: Only Cattell's theory matches the fluid-intelligence-based model described in the stem.