Which of the following are constituents of an ecosystem?

Concept

An ecosystem is a functional unit in which living organisms interact with one another and with the non-living environment.

Its living, or biotic, components are commonly grouped as producers, consumers, and decomposers; the physical and chemical surroundings form the abiotic components.

Application

Apply the biotic-component classification to the listed biological groups:

• Animals are consumers because they obtain energy by feeding on plants or other organisms.

• Plants are producers because they convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

• Microorganisms include many decomposers that break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients; some also act as producers or consumers.

Cross-check and contrast

• Animals, plants, and microorganisms all have recognized roles among the living components of ecosystems, so the criterion is met by several listed groups.

• Therefore, several listed biological groups are constituents of an ecosystem; the claim that none of the listed groups is a constituent contradicts the biotic-component classification.