Concept of "Collective unconscious" was given by _____.

Analytical psychology distinguishes two layers of the unconscious mind: the personal unconscious, built from an individual's own repressed memories and experiences, and the collective unconscious, a deeper, inherited layer shared across the entire human species. The collective unconscious is held to be structured around archetypes -- universal, symbolic patterns (e.g., the mother, the shadow, the hero) common to human psychology regardless of culture or personal history.

Carl Gustav Jung, founder of analytical psychology, introduced this second, collective layer to extend his early work with Sigmund Freud. Where Freud's personal unconscious accounts only for an individual's own repressed drives, Jung's collective unconscious explains recurring symbols and motifs found across unrelated cultures' myths, dreams, and religious traditions as an inherited psychic structure rather than a learned one.

• Pavlov worked on classical conditioning (conditioned reflexes) -- a behaviourist, stimulus-response line of research with no theory of the unconscious mind.

• Skinner developed operant conditioning and reinforcement schedules, another behaviourist framework that deliberately avoids unobservable mental constructs such as the unconscious.

• Freud founded psychoanalysis and described the personal unconscious -- an individual's own repressed memories and drives -- but not a shared, inherited layer common to all humanity.

• Jung's own analytical-psychology writings define exactly a shared, inherited layer built from archetypes common to all humanity -- the structure this concept names.

The concept of the collective unconscious was therefore introduced by Jung.