Which of the following cloud concept/s is/are related to pooling and sharing…

Answer: Virtualization only.

Explanation: Pooling and sharing of resources in cloud computing refers to the provider’s ability to serve multiple consumers using a shared set of physical resources, dynamically assigning and reassigning resources according to demand.

• Virtualization: This is the core mechanism that enables pooling. Hypervisors and container runtimes allow multiple isolated instances to share the same physical servers, storage, and network resources, enabling multi-tenancy and efficient resource utilization.

• Virtual Memory: An operating-system technique for managing a machine's memory by using disk as an extension of RAM. It is not the cloud-level pooling mechanism for sharing physical resources across multiple tenants.

• Service: Refers to how functionality is delivered to users (for example IaaS, PaaS, SaaS). While services are implemented using pooled resources, the service concept itself does not define pooling; the underlying virtualization provides the pooling.

Conclusion: The correct choice is virtualization only because it directly implements pooling and sharing of physical resources.