The cell reference C$4 is an example of

2013

The cell reference C$4 is an example of

  1. A.

    Absolute reference to cell

  2. B.

    Relative reference to cell

  3. C.

    Mixed reference to cell

  4. D.

    Simple reference to cell

Attempted by 11 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: C

Concept

In a spreadsheet, a cell address has two parts — a column letter and a row number. A dollar sign ($) placed before a part LOCKS that part so it does not change when the formula is copied to another cell; a part with no dollar sign is RELATIVE and shifts as the formula is copied. How many of the two parts are locked decides the reference type.

The rule for classifying:

  • Absolute: both parts locked, e.g. $C$4 (column and row both fixed).

  • Relative: neither part locked, e.g. C4 (both shift on copy).

  • Mixed: exactly one part locked, e.g. C$4 (row fixed) or $C4 (column fixed).

Application

In C$4 the dollar sign sits only before the row number 4, so the row 4 is locked while the column C has no dollar sign and stays relative. One part fixed and one part free is, by definition, a mixed reference.

Cross-check

Copy a formula holding C$4 one row down and one column right: the column rides along to D (relative), but the row stays 4 (the $ holds it). Exactly one part moved — confirming it is neither fully absolute nor fully relative, but mixed.

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