Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) First Law Commission…

A two-statement “which is/are correct” question tests each numbered statement independently against an authoritative source; the compound options (“Both” / “Neither”) exist specifically to check whether every statement was verified, not just the first one.

1. Statement (1) concerns the 1860 code's legislative origin: the Charter Act of 1833 created India's first Law Commission, chaired by Thomas Babington Macaulay, and that Commission produced the draft that — after revision — was enacted as the Indian Penal Code on 6 October 1860. This statement holds.

2. Statement (2) concerns the 1860 code's current legal status: Section 358(1) of the enactment that has since taken effect states that the 1860 code “is hereby repealed”, and the accompanying commencement notification brought that enactment into force on 1 July 2024. From that date the 1860 code stands repealed as India's general penal code going forward — the section's savings sub-clauses keep it alive only for offences, investigations, and proceedings that arose before that date (so past matters continue to be handled under the old code), they do not restore it as the code governing conduct after that date. On that basis, describing the 1860 code as “completely replaced” from 1 July 2024 onward matches the characterization used by the Ministry of Home Affairs itself, and statement (2) holds.

Checking the other combinations against these two facts:

• “1 Only” undercounts: it treats the repeal recorded in Section 358(1) as partial or not yet in force, when the section states a full repeal.

• “2 Only” undercounts: it treats the 1830s Law Commission's authorship of the 1860 code as unconfirmed, when the Commission's own record is explicit on this point.

• “Neither 1 nor 2” rejects both records although each is independently documented — one by 1830s legislative history, the other by the repealing enactment's own text.

Since both statements are independently verified, the answer is “Both 1 and 2”.