In each question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions…

2024

In each question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered 1 and 2. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then consider the two conclusions together and decide which of them is logically correct and related to the statement.

Statement of a company XYZ - "If you are a software engineer we want to hire you".

Conclusion:

1. Company hires no person with other qualification.

2. Company XYZ is in need of software engineers.

  1. A.

    If only conclusion 1 follows

  2. B.

    If only conclusion 2 follows

  3. C.

    If either 1 or 2 follows

  4. D.

    If neither 1 nor 2 follows

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B

In statement-and-conclusion reasoning, a conclusion 'follows' only when it can be derived from the statement using nothing beyond what is explicitly said -- restating an implication already present in the statement follows, while introducing a new restriction, exclusivity, or condition not stated in the premise does not follow, however plausible it may sound.

The statement here is a conditional offer: "If you are a software engineer, we want to hire you." Expressing this active interest in hiring software engineers is exactly what it means for the company to be in need of software engineers -- so that conclusion is a direct restatement of the statement. The statement never says the company will hire no one else; ruling out other hires is an assumption the statement does not make.

Cross-check by negating each conclusion against the statement: denying that the company needs software engineers directly contradicts the statement's expressed wish to hire them, so that conclusion must hold. Denying that the company hires no one else contradicts nothing in the statement -- the statement is simply silent on that point, so no such exclusivity conclusion can be drawn.

  • The choice built on the exclusivity conclusion alone fails, because that conclusion depends on a restriction the statement never states.

  • The choice treating the two conclusions as alternatives (either one holding) fails, because the exclusivity conclusion isn't a genuine alternative at all -- it is simply unsupported.

  • The choice that neither conclusion follows fails, because the hiring-need conclusion is a direct restatement of what the statement already says.

  • The choice built on the hiring-need conclusion alone matches this: it is derivable without any added assumption, while the exclusivity conclusion is not.

So only the conclusion that the company is in need of software engineers follows from the statement.

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