In each of the following questions there are three statements. Which are…

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In each of the following questions there are three statements.

Which are followed by three or four conclusions.

Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements.

Statements: Some envelops are gums. Some gums are seals. Some seals are adhesives.

Conclusions:

1. Some envelopes are seals.

2. Some gums are adhesives.

3. Some adhesives are seals.

4. Some adhesives are gums.

  1. A.

    Only (3)

  2. B.

    Only (1)

  3. C.

    Only (2)

  4. D.

    Only (4)

Attempted by 36 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: A

Answer: Only conclusion 3 (Some adhesives are seals) follows.

Explanation:

  • Conclusion 3 follows because the statement "Some seals are adhesives" directly implies that some adhesives are seals.

  • Conclusion 1 (Some envelopes are seals) does not follow: "Some envelopes are gums" and "Some gums are seals" do not guarantee that the same envelopes are the ones that are seals.

  • Conclusion 2 (Some gums are adhesives) does not follow: the gums that are seals need not be the seals that are adhesives, so there may be no overlap between gums and adhesives.

  • Conclusion 4 (Some adhesives are gums) does not follow for the same reason: links through "some" do not give transitivity without additional information about the same individuals.

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