In each of the following questions two statements are given. Which are…
2023202320252023
In each of the following questions two statements are given. Which are followed by four conclusions (1), (2), (3) and (4). Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements. Statements: All men are vertebrates. Some mammals are vertebrates. Conclusions: 1. All men are mammals. 2. All mammals are men. 3. Some vertebrates are mammals. 4. All vertebrates are men.
- A.
Only (4)
- B.
Only (2)
- C.
Only (3)
- D.
Only (1)
Attempted by 45 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Correct answer: Only the conclusion "Some vertebrates are mammals" follows.
Explanation:
From the statements:
• "All men are vertebrates" means every man is a vertebrate (men ⊆ vertebrates).
• "Some mammals are vertebrates" means there exists at least one mammal that is a vertebrate.
Evaluate each conclusion:
Conclusion "All men are mammals" — Does not follow. Knowing men are vertebrates does not tell us men belong to the mammal subgroup.
Conclusion "All mammals are men" — Does not follow. The statements do not imply that every mammal is a man.
Conclusion "Some vertebrates are mammals" — Follows. "Some mammals are vertebrates" means there are mammals which are vertebrates, so those vertebrates are mammals.
Conclusion "All vertebrates are men" — Does not follow. The fact that all men lie inside vertebrates does not mean vertebrates consist only of men.