In the context of operating systems, which of the following statements is/are…

Answer: The correct statements are "Paging helps solve the issue of external fragmentation" and "Paging incurs memory overheads".

Explanation:

1. Paging helps solve the issue of external fragmentation – True. Paging divides logical memory into fixed-size pages and physical memory into frames; any page can be placed in any free frame. Because allocation is done in fixed-size units, there are no variable-sized gaps between allocated blocks in physical memory, which eliminates external fragmentation.

2. Page size has no impact on internal fragmentation – False. Page size directly affects internal fragmentation: larger pages increase the expected unused space in the last page of a process (increasing internal fragmentation), while smaller pages reduce this waste but increase the number of pages and the size/overhead of page tables.

3. Paging incurs memory overheads – True. Paging requires page tables (and possibly multi-level page tables) to store page-to-frame mappings; these tables occupy memory. Additional structures such as TLBs and management metadata also contribute to memory and performance overhead.

4. Multi-level paging is necessary to support pages of different sizes – False. Multi-level paging is a technique to reduce the memory needed for page tables by dividing the page table into levels and only allocating parts that are needed. It is not intended to provide variable page sizes. Support for different page sizes comes from architecture features such as multiple page-size support (large or huge pages) or segmentation.

Hence, the correct statements are the one that says paging solves external fragmentation and the one that says paging incurs memory overheads.