In the circuit shown below, a positive edge-triggered D Flip-Flop is used for…

GATE · 2018 · EC · Electronics and Communication Engineering

In the circuit shown below, a positive edge-triggered D Flip-Flop is used for sampling input data D_in using clock CK. The XOR gate outputs 3.3 volts for logic HIGH and 0 volts for logic LOW levels. The data bit and clock periods are equal and the value of ΔT/T_CK = 0.15, where the parameters ΔT and T_CK are shown in the figure. Assume that the Flip-Flop and the XOR gate are ideal. If the probability of input data bit (D_in) transition in each clock period is 0.3, the average value (in volts, accurate to two decimal places) of the voltage at node X is _________.

D flip-flop samples Din on clock rising edges; XOR compares Din with Q. Timing diagram places each data transition ΔT after its clock edge, with ΔT/TCK=0.15.

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