The transformation that changes the shape of an object is known as:

Answer: Shearing

Shearing is a transformation that slants or distorts an object by shifting parts of it relative to other parts. It changes the object's shape (angles and appearance) while a simple linear shear in 2D preserves area.

• Effect: Alters angles and the overall form so the shape looks skewed.

• Contrast with reflection and rotation: Those are rigid transformations that preserve distances and angles, so they do not change shape.

• Scanning is not a geometric transform; it means digitizing or capturing an image/data stream.

Example: A common shear matrix is [[1, k], [0, 1]], which maps (x, y) to (x + k·y, y), producing the skewed shape.