A sender \(S\) sends a message \(m\) to receiver \(R\), which is digitally…

GATE · 2017 · CS · Set 1 · Computer Science & IT

A sender SS sends a message mm to receiver RR, which is digitally signed by SS with its private key. In this scenario, one or more of the following security violations can take place.

(I) SS can launch a birthday attack to replace mm with a fraudulent message.

(II) AA third party attacker can launch a birthday attack to replace mm with a fraudulent message.

(III) RR can launch a birthday attack to replace mm with a fraudulent message.

Which of the following are possible security violations?

  1. A.

    I and II only

  2. B.

    I only

  3. C.

    II only

  4. D.

    II and III only

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