Through the process of standardization which of the following properties of…

I. The test items used are purposefully designed to measure a clearly defined achievement domain.

Standardization requires intense scrutiny of the test questions (items) before the test is ever finalized.

• Experts perform a process called item analysis to ensure every single question aligns perfectly with a specific learning objective or content area (the "achievement domain").

• This ensures the test is highly valid—meaning it actually measures what it claims to measure, without random or irrelevant questions.

II. A standardized procedure of administering, scoring and interpreting the results of the test are followed.

This is the core definition of a standardized test. To make sure the test is fair and reliable, the environment and rules must be identical for everyone:

• Administering: Every student gets the exact same amount of time, the same instructions, and the same testing conditions.

• Scoring: The grading rules are completely objective (often automated or using strict rubrics) so that a student's score doesn't change based on who is grading it.

• Interpreting: The scores are mapped against a fixed scale or a "norm group" so that a score of, say, 85% means the exact same level of achievement no matter where or when the test was taken.