Course module

Paper - 1 | Unit - 2 | Research Aptitude — UGC NET Law (Paper 1 + Paper 2)

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Lessons
50
Duration
—
PYQs
1129
Practice
234

Syllabus index

Lessons in this module

Introduction to Research, Validity & Reliability

Meaning, Definition & Scope of Research

  1. [Notes] Meaning, Definition & Scope of ResearchPdf

Significance & Purpose of Research

  1. [Notes] Significance & Purpose of ResearchPdf

Accuracy, Credibility & Generalisability

  1. [Notes] Accuracy, Credibility & GeneralisabilityPdf

वैज्ञानिक विधि एवं ज्ञान के स्रोत / Scientific Method and Sources of Knowledge

  1. [Notes] Empirical & Cyclical Nature of ResearchPdf

Systematic, Logical & Objective Approach

  1. [Notes] Systematic, Logical & Objective ApproachPdf

Objectivity Measures – Overview

  1. [Notes] Objectivity Measures – OverviewPdf

विश्वसनीयता एवं मापन त्रुटि / Reliability and Measurement Error

  1. [Notes] Reliability – Types & Applications (Inter-rater, Test-retest, etc.)Pdf

Research Errors – Random vs Systematic

  1. [Notes] Research Errors – Random vs SystematicPdf

Validity – Types & Evaluative Criteria (Internal, External, Construct, etc.)

  1. [Notes] Validity – Types & Evaluative Criteria (Internal, External, Construct, etc.)Pdf

Research Paradigms & Types of Research

Major Research Paradigms – Realism, Constructivism, Pragmatism, Positivism, Post-Positivism

  1. [Notes] Major Research Paradigms – Realism, Constructivism, Pragmatism, Positivism, Post-PositivismPdf

उत्तर-प्रत्यक्षवाद एवं यथार्थवाद / Post-positivism and Realism

  1. [Notes] Developments under Post-PositivismPdf

Epistemology, Axiology & Ontology

  1. [Notes] Epistemology, Axiology & OntologyPdf

Classification of Research – Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed

  1. [Notes] Classification of Research – Qualitative, Quantitative, MixedPdf

Characteristics & Types of Qualitative Research

  1. [Notes] Characteristics & Types of Qualitative ResearchPdf

आगमनात्मक एवं निगमनात्मक उपागम / Inductive and Deductive Approaches

  1. [Notes] Deductive vs Inductive Research ApproachesPdf

Structured vs Unstructured Research

  1. [Notes] Structured vs Unstructured ResearchPdf

Research Based on Data Collection – Case Study, Observation, Survey

  1. [Notes] Research Based on Data Collection – Case Study, Observation, SurveyPdf

अनुदैर्ध्य एवं अनुप्रस्थ अध्ययन / Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Studies

  1. [Notes] Types Based on Time Frame – Longitudinal, Cross-Sectional, CohortPdf

Research Based on Application – Fundamental, Applied, Action, Participatory, Ethnographic

  1. [Notes] Research Based on Application – Fundamental, Applied, Action, Participatory, EthnographicPdf

अनुसंधान के चरण / Steps of Research

शोध समस्या का चयन एवं निरूपण / Selection and Formulation of a Research Problem

  1. [Notes] Selecting & Defining a Research ProblemPdf

साहित्य समीक्षा / Review of Literature

  1. [Notes] Purpose & Steps of Literature ReviewPdf

शोधकर्ता एवं प्रतिभागी प्रभाव / Researcher and Participant Effects

  1. [Notes] Biases in Experimental Design (Halo, Rivalry, Apprehension, etc.)Pdf

Overview of the Research Process

  1. [Notes] Overview of the Research ProcessPdf

चर एवं उनके प्रकार / Variables and their Types

  1. [Notes] Types of Variables (Independent, Dependent, Control, Extraneous, etc.)Pdf

Formulating Hypothesis

  1. [Notes] Formulating HypothesisPdf

Preparing Research Design & Types of Experimental Designs

  1. [Notes] Preparing Research Design & Types of Experimental DesignsPdf

True, Quasi & Non-Experimental Designs

  1. [Notes] True, Quasi & Non-Experimental DesignsPdf

प्रयोगात्मक विधि / Experimental Method

  1. [Notes] Randomisation, Types & Experimental ConstraintsPdf

Sampling Fundamentals – Types, Probability & Non-Probability Sampling

  1. [Notes] Sampling Fundamentals – Types, Probability & Non-Probability SamplingPdf

प्रतिचयन एवं गैर-प्रतिचयन त्रुटियाँ / Sampling and Non-sampling Errors

  1. [Notes] Sampling & Non-Sampling ErrorsPdf

Tools & Methods of Data Collection (Questionnaire, Interview, Observation, etc.)

  1. [Notes] Tools & Methods of Data Collection (Questionnaire, Interview, Observation, etc.)Pdf

Statistical Properties of Data (including Skewness & Kurtosis)

  1. [Notes] Statistical Properties of Data (including Skewness & Kurtosis)Pdf

Testing of Hypothesis & Variables

  1. [Notes] Testing of Hypothesis & VariablesPdf

प्राचलिक परीक्षण / Parametric Tests

  1. [Notes] Parametric Tests – t-test, z-test, ANOVAPdf

अप्राचलिक परीक्षण / Non-parametric Tests

  1. [Notes] Non-Parametric Tests – Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, K-S, Runs Test, etc.Pdf

Assumptions, Advantages & Limitations of Tests

  1. [Notes] Assumptions, Advantages & Limitations of TestsPdf

Interpretation, Generalisation & Writing a Research Report

  1. [Notes] Interpretation, Generalisation & Writing a Research ReportPdf

Research Ethics, Writing & Publication

Thesis/Dissertation Format – Prefatory Pages, Main Body & Terminal Sections

  1. [Notes] Thesis/Dissertation Format – Prefatory Pages, Main Body & Terminal SectionsPdf

Styles of Referencing & Citation – APA, MLA, Chicago, Footnotes, Endnotes

  1. [Notes] Styles of Referencing & Citation – APA, MLA, Chicago, Footnotes, EndnotesPdf

Types of Research Publications – Term Paper, Journal Article, Review, Thesis, Dissertation

  1. [Notes] Types of Research Publications – Term Paper, Journal Article, Review, Thesis, DissertationPdf

Differences between Thesis, Dissertation & Research Article

  1. [Notes] Differences between Thesis, Dissertation & Research ArticlePdf

Methods of Research Information Gathering (Primary & Secondary Sources)

  1. [Notes] Methods of Research Information Gathering (Primary & Secondary Sources)Pdf

Principles, Importance & Benefits of Ethical Research

  1. [Notes] Principles, Importance & Benefits of Ethical ResearchPdf

सूचित सहमति एवं प्रतिभागी संरक्षण / Informed Consent and Participant Protection

  1. [Notes] Ethical Issues Related to Participants & Data ProtectionPdf

Plagiarism – Types, Levels & Detection

  1. [Notes] Plagiarism – Types, Levels & DetectionPdf

Research Review & Peer Review Process – Types & Importance

  1. [Notes] Research Review & Peer Review Process – Types & ImportancePdf

शोध प्रभाव मापदंड / Research Impact Metrics

  1. [Notes] Impact Factor, h-index, CiteScore & Other Research MetricsPdf

Digital Tools & Initiatives in Research – Overview

  1. [Notes] Digital Tools & Initiatives in Research – OverviewPdf

Major Research & Digital Initiatives by IITs & Other Institutions

  1. [Notes] Major Research & Digital Initiatives by IITs & Other InstitutionsPdf

Previous-year questions

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