Character Oriented Framing

Duration: 4 min

This video lesson is available to enrolled students.

Return to /learn/TPSC-ASSISTANT-TECHNICAL-OFFICER/computer-networks/dll-framing/intro-byte-stuffing/asset-character-oriented-framing after enrolling

Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. About Course: About the Course
  2. Paper 2 | Digital Logic: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Logic Gates & Hardware, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation, Floating Point Rep
  3. Paper 2 | Computer Organization And Architecture: Basics of COA, Cache Memory Organization, Input Output Organisation, Pipelining, Control Unit Design, Instr Formats & Modes, Programming the Basic Computer
  4. Paper 2 | Analog And Digital Communication: Introduction to Communication Systems & Random Signals, Analog Communication Systems, Information Theory & Digital Communication Fundamentals, Digital Modulation & Detection Techniques, Error Control, Synchronization & Multiple Access Techniques
  5. Paper 2 | Programming in C: C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling
  6. Paper 2 | Data Structures And Programming: Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, Java, OOPS with C++, Java Fundamentals, Array, String, IO & References
  7. Paper 2 | Algorithms: Algorithm Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Time Complexity Analysis, Greedy Algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos
  8. Paper 2 | Compiler Design: Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization, Run Time Environment
  9. Paper 2 | Operating System: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Threads & Process Creation, Deadlock, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Unix OS, Linux OS
  10. Paper 2 | Databases: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, Relational Algebra, SQL, Relational Calculus, File Organization & Indexing, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control
  11. Paper 2 | Information Systems and Software Engineering: Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Testing, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management
  12. Paper 2 | Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Framing, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware Basics
  13. Paper 2 | Internet & Web Technologies: Website, Browser & Services, Internet Fundamentals, Web Design & Development, Protocols & Services, Web Publishing & Hosting, Server Side & Security, Emerging Technologies, HTML Basics, JavaScript-Basics, CSS, XML, HTML5
  14. Paper 2 | Cyber Security And Emerging Technologies: Emerging Tech Trends
  15. Paper 2 | Cloud Technology: Cloud Computing
  16. Paper 2 | Probability and statistics: Probability, Statistics
  17. Paper-1 English: Vocabulary, Preposition, Articles, Comprehension / Reading Comprehension / Unseen Passages (Critical Reasoning) (Paragraph Questions), Sentence Re-arrangements (Para Jumbles) (Narrative Sequencing), Sentence Correction (Error Correction), Sentence Completion (Fill in the blanks), Cloze Test (Cloze Passage), Sentence Construction
  18. Paper 1 General Mental Ability & Logical reasoning: Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Divisibility Rules, Data Interpretation, Mixture and Alligation, Permutation and Combination, Logarithm, Number System, HCF LCM, Sequence and Series (Series), Speed Time and Distance, Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Data Sufficiency, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Percentage, Average, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Algebra, Profit and Loss, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Time and Work, Pipe and Cistern, Mensuration and Geometry, Mental Ability, Age Problems, Partnership, Arithmetic, Speed Mathematics and Basic Mathematics, Syllogisms, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Seating Arrangements, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Analytical Reasoning (Counting Figures Reasoning), Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Calendar, Clock, Cubes & Dices, Selection Decision Table (Decision Making), Logical Sequence Of Words, Venn Diagram, Analogy
  19. Paper-1 General Knowledge & Current Affairs: State Wise GK, History, Geography, GK- Current Affairs, Static General Knowledge
  20. Full Length Mock Test:
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

This lecture introduces character-oriented framing protocols used in data link layers for transmitting 8-bit characters. The instructor explains that frames consist of a Flag, Header, variable Data from the upper layer, and a Trailer. Flags are 8-bit sequences added at both ends to separate frames. A specific binary pattern, 01111110, is identified as a common flag. The lecture highlights the limitation of this method when non-text data like graphs or video is transmitted, as the flag pattern might appear within the actual data, causing the receiver to incorrectly identify frame boundaries.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The video begins with a slide titled "Character-Oriented Protocols" showing a frame structure diagram. The instructor draws rectangular boxes on the screen to explain framing concepts, writing an "H" inside one box while pointing at the main diagram. The slide text states that headers carry control information and error detection bits, while data consists of 8-bit characters from coding systems like ASCII. The instructor illustrates that an 8-bit flag is added at both the beginning and end to separate frames, writing "1B" to indicate 8-bit flag size. He writes out the binary sequence "01111110" below the frame to demonstrate the specific flag pattern used for separation.

  2. 2:00 – 4:04 02:00-04:04

    The instructor discusses the limitations of character-oriented framing when transmitting non-text data such as graphs, audio, and video. He explains that if the flag pattern appears within the actual data, the receiver mistakenly identifies it as the end of the frame. To illustrate this problem, he writes a binary sequence "01111110" on the board, which represents a common flag pattern used in bit-oriented framing. The slide text notes that "any pattern used for the flag could also be part of the information," and if this happens, the receiver encounters this pattern in the middle of the data. The instructor emphasizes that character-oriented framing was popular when only text was exchanged, but modern applications require handling diverse data types.

The lecture establishes character-oriented framing as a method where 8-bit characters form the data payload, with flags marking frame boundaries. The core structure includes a Flag, Header, Data, and Trailer, where the flag is typically 01111110. A critical limitation arises because this specific binary pattern might occur naturally within the transmitted data, leading to synchronization errors. This issue necessitates more advanced framing techniques for non-text data transmission.

Loading lesson…