Types of Interrupts

Duration: 11 min

This video lesson is available to enrolled students.

Return to /learn/SSC-JE-IMD-SCIENTIFIC-ASSISTANT-COMPUTER-SCIENCE/computer-organisation-architecture/input-output-organisation/interrupt-driven-io/asset-types-of-interrupts after enrolling

Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. General Intelligence & Reasoning: Analogy, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Ranking, Order and Sequence, Logical Sequence Of Words, Syllogisms, Venn Diagram, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Selection Decision Table (Decision Making), Data Sufficiency, Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Data Arrangement, Cubes & Dices, Calendar, Clock, Arithmetic, Number System, HCF LCM, Verbal Analogy (Word Based Analogy), Visual Recognition and Figure Completion, Paper Folding and Cutting, Transformation of Shapes, Clocks and Calendars, Direction Sense, Cubes and Dice, Patterns in Two-Dimensional Figures, Seating Arrangements, Analogy and Classification, Logical Deduction and Induction, Alphabet and Word Tests, Mathematical Operations, Series Completion, Simplification and Approximation, Coding and Decoding, Numerical Reasoning, Assembling and Grouping of Shapes, Three-Dimensional Patterns and Visualization, Vocabulary, Number System, Averages, Mixtures and Alligation, Simple and Compound Interest, Percentages, Algebra, Speed, Time and Distance, Seating and Arrangement Puzzles, Traverse Surveying, Order, Ranking and Sequence, Constraint Puzzles, Syllogisms and Venn Diagrams, Reading Comprehension, Critical Reasoning, Permutations and Combinations, Narrative Sequencing, Project Monitoring, Resources and Safety, Profit, Loss and Discount, Ratio and Proportion, Time and Work, Mensuration, Data Interpretation, Powers, Surds and Logarithms, Sequences and Series, Articles and Determiners, Sentence Completion, Data Sufficiency, Blood Relations, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Mixture and Alligation, Sequence and Series (Series), Speed Time and Distance, Algebra, Profit and Loss, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Permutation and Combination
  2. General Awareness: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Geography, Polity, Indian Economy, Environment, Static General Knowledge, GK- Current Affairs, Artificial Intelligence, MS Office Applications, Terms & Abbreviations, Keyboard Shortcuts, Evolution of Indian Banking (Banking & Financial Awareness), Emerging Tech Trends
  3. Engineering Mathematics: Set Theory, Relations, Functions, Graph Theory, Group Theory, Propositional and Predicate Logic, Linear Algebra, Calculus, Probability, Statistics, Signal Space and Optimum Detection, Probability, Statistics
  4. Digital Logic: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Logic Gates & Hardware, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation, Floating Point Rep, Number Systems and Codes, Registers and Counters, Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates, Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, Logic Families and CMOS Logic, Microprocessors, Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra, Minimization of Boolean Functions, Timing, Hazards and Testing, Logic Families, Combinational Logic Design, Arithmetic Circuits, Waveform Generators and Timer Circuits, Semiconductor Memories and Programmable Logic Devices, Combinational Logic Circuits, Latches and Flip-Flops, Finite State Machines, Sequential Circuits and State Machines, Minimization of Boolean Functions, Arithmetic Circuits, Latches and Flip-Flops, Number Systems and Codes, Registers and Counters
  5. Computer Organisation & Architecture: Basics of COA, Cache Memory Organization, Input Output Organisation, Pipelining, Instr Formats & Modes, Control Unit Design, Programming the Basic Computer, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Semiconductor Memories and Programmable Logic, Processor Organization and Instructions, Memory Hierarchy and Input/Output, Registers and Counters
  6. Programming & Data Structures: C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling, Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, HTML Basics, OOPS with C++, Java, Object Oriented Technology
  7. Databases: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, SQL, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Database Recovery, Database Security & Authorization
  8. Algorithms: Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos
  9. Theory of Computation: Introduction to TOC, Deterministic FA (DFA), Non-Deterministic FA, Regular Expressions, Grammar, Regular Language Properties, Moore & Mealy Machines, Pushdown Automata & CFG, Turing Machines, Complexity Theory
  10. Compiler Design: Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization, Run Time Environment
  11. Operating System: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Threads & Process Creation, Deadlock, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Security, Windows OS, Distributed Systems, Unix OS, Linux OS
  12. Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Framing, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware Basics, Data Communication, Website, Browser & Services, Web Design & Development, Network Security, Cyber Threats and Malware Attacks, Cyber Safety and Security
  13. Full Length Mock Tests:
  14. Sectional Tests:
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

This educational video delivers a structured lecture on the classification and mechanisms of interrupts in computer architecture. The instructor begins by defining hardware interrupts as signals generated by external devices at processor pins, distinguishing between internal causes like divide-by-zero errors and external sources like memory read or I/O operations. The lesson progresses to software interrupts, which are defined within the processor's instruction set and triggered by specific instructions such as system calls. The instructor then introduces maskable interrupts, explaining that these can be enabled or disabled via software control signals, typically used for basic I/O devices. The final section covers non-maskable interrupts (NMI) reserved for critical conditions like power failure or system errors, and concludes by differentiating between level-triggered and edge-triggered interrupt mechanisms using waveform diagrams.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The video opens with a slide titled "1. Hardware Interrupts," defining them as signals generated by hardware devices present at the processor's hardware pins. The instructor underlines the title and the definition text. The slide lists two types: "Internal," exemplified by "Divide by Zero — DBZ," and "External," exemplified by "Memory Read — MR" and "Input/Output — I/O." The instructor underlines these specific examples to emphasize the distinction between internal processor errors and external device signals. He specifically underlines "Internal" and "External" to highlight the classification. He also underlines "hardware devices" and "hardware pins" to reinforce the physical nature of these interrupts. He reads the text aloud to ensure clarity.

  2. 2:00 – 5:00 02:00-05:00

    The presentation shifts to "2. Software Interrupts," described as interrupts defined within the instruction set and triggered by executing specific instructions, with "System calls" given as the primary example. The instructor underlines the definition and the example. Next, "3. Maskable Interrupts" are introduced, defined as interrupts that can be enabled or disabled by software using control signals. The text notes that all basic I/O devices are usually connected through maskable interrupt pins. The instructor underlines the key phrases "enabled or disabled by software" and "maskable interrupt pins," and writes "(CPU Decidable)" next to the title to clarify the concept. He also underlines "All basic I/O devices" to stress the application. He underlines "control signals" to highlight the mechanism of masking. He explains that software can decide to mask these interrupts.

  3. 5:00 – 10:00 05:00-10:00

    The slide changes to "4. Non-Maskable Interrupts (NMI)," stating these cannot be disabled and are used for critical conditions such as "Power failure," "Temperature sensors," and "System errors." The instructor underlines "cannot be disabled" and "critical conditions," and writes "highest" to indicate priority. Devices handling these events connect through NMI pins. The slide then introduces "5. Level-Triggered Interrupts," activated based on the high or low level of the clock signal, and "6. Edge-Triggered Interrupts," activated on the rising or falling edge. Diagrams on the right illustrate (a) Level Trigger, (b) Positive-edge Trigger, and (c) Negative-edge Trigger. The instructor underlines the definitions and draws arrows on the waveforms to indicate trigger points. He specifically underlines "high or low" and "rising or falling edge." He also underlines "clock signal" in both definitions. He points to the "Time" axis on the diagrams to show the progression of the signal. He explains that level triggering depends on the state of the signal, while edge triggering depends on the change.

  4. 10:00 – 10:56 10:00-10:56

    In the final segment, the instructor reviews the visual diagrams for Level and Edge triggering. He points specifically to the waveforms to reinforce the difference between activation based on signal level versus signal transition. He emphasizes the "rising or falling edge" text for edge-triggered interrupts and the "high or low" level text for level-triggered interrupts, ensuring students understand the visual representation of these timing mechanisms. He gestures towards the diagrams to visually connect the text definitions with the signal behavior. He points to the "Time" axis on the diagrams to show the progression of the signal. He concludes the lecture by summarizing the key differences. He reiterates that NMI is for critical events while maskable is for routine I/O.

The lecture systematically categorizes interrupts by origin (hardware vs. software), controllability (maskable vs. non-maskable), and activation method (level vs. edge). This progression helps students understand how different system events are managed, from routine I/O operations handled by maskable interrupts to critical failures managed by non-maskable interrupts, and how the timing of these signals is detected by the processor. The visual aids, particularly the waveform diagrams, provide a concrete reference for understanding the physical behavior of these signals. The instructor's use of underlining and handwritten notes reinforces key terminology and concepts for exam preparation. He ensures students grasp the distinction between signals that are always active versus those that can be controlled.

Loading lesson…