Interrupt Initiated IO

Duration: 7 min

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Module outline

  1. General Intelligence & Reasoning: Analogy, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Ranking, Order and Sequence, Logical Sequence Of Words, Syllogisms, Venn Diagram, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Selection Decision Table (Decision Making), Data Sufficiency, Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Data Arrangement, Cubes & Dices, Calendar, Clock, Arithmetic, Number System, HCF LCM, Verbal Analogy (Word Based Analogy), Visual Recognition and Figure Completion, Paper Folding and Cutting, Transformation of Shapes, Clocks and Calendars, Direction Sense, Cubes and Dice, Patterns in Two-Dimensional Figures, Seating Arrangements, Analogy and Classification, Logical Deduction and Induction, Alphabet and Word Tests, Mathematical Operations, Series Completion, Simplification and Approximation, Coding and Decoding, Numerical Reasoning, Assembling and Grouping of Shapes, Three-Dimensional Patterns and Visualization, Vocabulary, Number System, Averages, Mixtures and Alligation, Simple and Compound Interest, Percentages, Algebra, Speed, Time and Distance, Seating and Arrangement Puzzles, Traverse Surveying, Order, Ranking and Sequence, Constraint Puzzles, Syllogisms and Venn Diagrams, Reading Comprehension, Critical Reasoning, Permutations and Combinations, Narrative Sequencing, Project Monitoring, Resources and Safety, Profit, Loss and Discount, Ratio and Proportion, Time and Work, Mensuration, Data Interpretation, Powers, Surds and Logarithms, Sequences and Series, Articles and Determiners, Sentence Completion, Data Sufficiency, Blood Relations, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Mixture and Alligation, Sequence and Series (Series), Speed Time and Distance, Algebra, Profit and Loss, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Permutation and Combination
  2. General Awareness: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Geography, Polity, Indian Economy, Environment, Static General Knowledge, GK- Current Affairs, Artificial Intelligence, MS Office Applications, Terms & Abbreviations, Keyboard Shortcuts, Evolution of Indian Banking (Banking & Financial Awareness), Emerging Tech Trends
  3. Engineering Mathematics: Set Theory, Relations, Functions, Graph Theory, Group Theory, Propositional and Predicate Logic, Linear Algebra, Calculus, Probability, Statistics, Signal Space and Optimum Detection, Probability, Statistics
  4. Digital Logic: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Logic Gates & Hardware, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation, Floating Point Rep, Number Systems and Codes, Registers and Counters, Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates, Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, Logic Families and CMOS Logic, Microprocessors, Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra, Minimization of Boolean Functions, Timing, Hazards and Testing, Logic Families, Combinational Logic Design, Arithmetic Circuits, Waveform Generators and Timer Circuits, Semiconductor Memories and Programmable Logic Devices, Combinational Logic Circuits, Latches and Flip-Flops, Finite State Machines, Sequential Circuits and State Machines, Minimization of Boolean Functions, Arithmetic Circuits, Latches and Flip-Flops, Number Systems and Codes, Registers and Counters
  5. Computer Organisation & Architecture: Basics of COA, Cache Memory Organization, Input Output Organisation, Pipelining, Instr Formats & Modes, Control Unit Design, Programming the Basic Computer, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Semiconductor Memories and Programmable Logic, Processor Organization and Instructions, Memory Hierarchy and Input/Output, Registers and Counters
  6. Programming & Data Structures: C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling, Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, HTML Basics, OOPS with C++, Java, Object Oriented Technology
  7. Databases: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, SQL, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Database Recovery, Database Security & Authorization
  8. Algorithms: Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos
  9. Theory of Computation: Introduction to TOC, Deterministic FA (DFA), Non-Deterministic FA, Regular Expressions, Grammar, Regular Language Properties, Moore & Mealy Machines, Pushdown Automata & CFG, Turing Machines, Complexity Theory
  10. Compiler Design: Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization, Run Time Environment
  11. Operating System: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Threads & Process Creation, Deadlock, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Security, Windows OS, Distributed Systems, Unix OS, Linux OS
  12. Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Framing, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware Basics, Data Communication, Website, Browser & Services, Web Design & Development, Network Security, Cyber Threats and Malware Attacks, Cyber Safety and Security
  13. Full Length Mock Tests:
  14. Sectional Tests:
  15. Paper 2 - Full-length Mock Tests:
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The video lecture provides a detailed explanation of Interrupt Initiated I/O, a method where I/O devices signal the CPU to initiate data transfer. The instructor begins by defining the process: the CPU executes instructions and checks for interrupts between them. If an interrupt occurs, the CPU decides whether to handle it. A crucial note is that instructions are absolute, meaning partial execution is not possible. The lecture then introduces Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs) as the programs that manage these interrupts. The session transitions to classifying interrupts into two types: Non-vectored, where the location is mutually understood, and Vectored, where the device provides the address. Finally, the lecture addresses priority handling using a hardware solution called Daisy Chaining, illustrated with a diagram of three devices connected in a serial chain to the CPU.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The slide titled 'Interrupt initiated i/o' is displayed. The instructor explains that in this method, the I/O device interrupts the CPU when ready for data transfer. The CPU continues executing instructions and checks for interrupts after each instruction. A key note on the slide states that instructions are absolute in nature, implying no partial execution. The instructor also mentions that every device has a specific program or routine called an ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) to manage the interrupt, which saves CPU time. The text on the slide explicitly mentions 'CPU keep executing instructions and after executing one instruction and before starting another instructions CPU wait and see if there is interrupt or not'.

  2. 2:00 – 5:00 02:00-05:00

    The slide changes to 'Interrupt can be of two types'. The instructor defines Non-vectored interrupt as having a mutual understanding between CPU and device regarding the routine's location. In contrast, a Vectored interrupt involves the device telling the CPU the address where the routine is stored. The slide also notes that if different I/O devices interrupt simultaneously, the CPU must decide priority. The lecture then introduces a hardware solution known as Daisy Chaining, showing a diagram with Device 1, Device 2, and Device 3 connected in a serial line to the CPU. The text 'H/w solution: - It can be serial or parallel, serial solution is known as Daisy Channing' is visible.

  3. 5:00 – 6:48 05:00-06:48

    The instructor elaborates on the Daisy Chaining diagram, drawing red arrows to trace the signal flow. He explains that the device placed first in the arrangement gets acknowledgment first. If it wants to perform I/O, it puts 0 on the priority outline and places the ISR address on the vector address line. If it does not want to perform I/O, it sets the priority output to 1, passing the chance to the second device. The slide lists advantages such as being simple, easy to use, and relatively fast. The disadvantage noted is that the priority is fixed and cannot be changed even if requirements change. The instructor draws a red arrow from the CPU's INT ACK line back to the first device.

The lecture systematically builds an understanding of interrupt management. It starts with the basic interaction between CPU and I/O devices, emphasizing the non-blocking nature of interrupt-driven I/O compared to polling. It then distinguishes between interrupt types based on address resolution, highlighting the efficiency of vectored interrupts. The final section focuses on the practical hardware implementation of priority resolution through Daisy Chaining. By analyzing the diagram and the instructor's explanation of signal propagation (Interrupt Request and Interrupt Acknowledge), students learn how hardware logic determines which device gets serviced first. The trade-off between simplicity and flexibility (fixed priority) is clearly outlined, providing a complete picture of this specific I/O control method.

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