Practice Question

Duration: 4 min

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Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. General Intelligence & Reasoning: Analogy, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Ranking, Order and Sequence, Logical Sequence Of Words, Syllogisms, Venn Diagram, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Selection Decision Table (Decision Making), Data Sufficiency, Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Data Arrangement, Cubes & Dices, Calendar, Clock, Arithmetic, Number System, HCF LCM, Verbal Analogy (Word Based Analogy), Visual Recognition and Figure Completion, Paper Folding and Cutting, Transformation of Shapes, Clocks and Calendars, Direction Sense, Cubes and Dice, Patterns in Two-Dimensional Figures, Seating Arrangements, Analogy and Classification, Logical Deduction and Induction, Alphabet and Word Tests, Mathematical Operations, Series Completion, Simplification and Approximation, Coding and Decoding, Numerical Reasoning, Assembling and Grouping of Shapes, Three-Dimensional Patterns and Visualization, Vocabulary, Number System, Averages, Mixtures and Alligation, Simple and Compound Interest, Percentages, Algebra, Speed, Time and Distance, Seating and Arrangement Puzzles, Traverse Surveying, Order, Ranking and Sequence, Constraint Puzzles, Syllogisms and Venn Diagrams, Reading Comprehension, Critical Reasoning, Permutations and Combinations, Narrative Sequencing, Project Monitoring, Resources and Safety, Profit, Loss and Discount, Ratio and Proportion, Time and Work, Mensuration, Data Interpretation, Powers, Surds and Logarithms, Sequences and Series, Articles and Determiners, Sentence Completion, Data Sufficiency, Blood Relations, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Mixture and Alligation, Sequence and Series (Series), Speed Time and Distance, Algebra, Profit and Loss, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Permutation and Combination
  2. General Awareness: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Geography, Polity, Indian Economy, Environment, Static General Knowledge, GK- Current Affairs, Artificial Intelligence, MS Office Applications, Terms & Abbreviations, Keyboard Shortcuts, Evolution of Indian Banking (Banking & Financial Awareness), Emerging Tech Trends
  3. Engineering Mathematics: Set Theory, Relations, Functions, Graph Theory, Group Theory, Propositional and Predicate Logic, Linear Algebra, Calculus, Probability, Statistics, Signal Space and Optimum Detection, Probability, Statistics
  4. Digital Logic: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Logic Gates & Hardware, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation, Floating Point Rep, Number Systems and Codes, Registers and Counters, Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates, Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, Logic Families and CMOS Logic, Microprocessors, Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra, Minimization of Boolean Functions, Timing, Hazards and Testing, Logic Families, Combinational Logic Design, Arithmetic Circuits, Waveform Generators and Timer Circuits, Semiconductor Memories and Programmable Logic Devices, Combinational Logic Circuits, Latches and Flip-Flops, Finite State Machines, Sequential Circuits and State Machines, Minimization of Boolean Functions, Arithmetic Circuits, Latches and Flip-Flops, Number Systems and Codes, Registers and Counters
  5. Computer Organisation & Architecture: Basics of COA, Cache Memory Organization, Input Output Organisation, Pipelining, Instr Formats & Modes, Control Unit Design, Programming the Basic Computer, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Semiconductor Memories and Programmable Logic, Processor Organization and Instructions, Memory Hierarchy and Input/Output, Registers and Counters
  6. Programming & Data Structures: C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling, Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, HTML Basics, OOPS with C++, Java, Object Oriented Technology
  7. Databases: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, SQL, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Database Recovery, Database Security & Authorization
  8. Algorithms: Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos
  9. Theory of Computation: Introduction to TOC, Deterministic FA (DFA), Non-Deterministic FA, Regular Expressions, Grammar, Regular Language Properties, Moore & Mealy Machines, Pushdown Automata & CFG, Turing Machines, Complexity Theory
  10. Compiler Design: Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization, Run Time Environment
  11. Operating System: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Threads & Process Creation, Deadlock, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Security, Windows OS, Distributed Systems, Unix OS, Linux OS
  12. Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Framing, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware Basics, Data Communication, Website, Browser & Services, Web Design & Development, Network Security, Cyber Threats and Malware Attacks, Cyber Safety and Security
  13. Full Length Mock Tests:
  14. Sectional Tests:
  15. Paper 2 - Full-length Mock Tests:
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

This lecture demonstrates constructing a parse tree and a corresponding syntax tree for the arithmetic expression `2+3*4` using a context-free grammar with semantic translation rules. The instructor presents grammar rules defining how expressions (E), terms (T), and factors (F) are structured and how their semantic values (nptr) are computed using `mknnode`. The task is to apply these rules to the input string. The instructor systematically builds the parse tree from the root symbol 'E', expanding non-terminals until terminal symbols (identifiers) are reached. Subsequently, he translates this parse tree into a syntax tree by creating nodes for operators and operands, linking them according to the grammar's semantic actions. This process demonstrates how a compiler represents the structure of an expression for evaluation.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The instructor introduces the problem statement: "Consider the grammar with the following translation rules and E as the start symbol." He lists production rules with semantic actions. The task is to "Construct the parse tree for the expression: 2+3*4". He begins drawing the parse tree on the whiteboard. He starts with the root 'E' and expands it using the rule `E -> E + T`. He then expands the left 'E' down to 'T', then 'F', and finally to 'id', labeling the leaf as `id(2)`. Moving to the right side of the addition, he expands 'T' using `T -> T * F`. He further expands the left 'T' to 'F' and then to `id(3)`, and the right 'F' to `id(4)`. By the end of this segment, the hierarchical structure of the parse tree is fully drawn, showing the precedence of multiplication over addition.

  2. 2:00 – 3:36 02:00-03:36

    The instructor transitions from the parse tree to constructing the syntax tree (semantic tree). He draws rectangular boxes to represent nodes. He starts at the bottom with the leaf nodes, drawing boxes for `id(2)`, `id(3)`, and `id(4)`. He then moves up to the multiplication operator. He draws a box containing `*` and connects it to the nodes for `3` and `4`, representing the rule `T -> T1 * F`. Next, he constructs the node for the addition operator `+`. He draws a box with `+` and connects its left child to the node for `2` and its right child to the previously created `*` node. This reflects the rule `E -> E1 + T`. He labels the final root node as `E.nptr`, completing the syntax tree which correctly represents the expression `2 + (3 * 4)`.

The lecture effectively demonstrates the bottom-up construction of a syntax tree from a parse tree. By starting with the grammar rules and the input expression, the instructor shows how non-terminals are expanded to terminals in the parse tree. Then, by applying the semantic actions associated with each production rule, he builds a tree of nodes where operators are internal nodes and operands are leaves. This visual progression clarifies how the abstract syntax tree captures the precedence and associativity of operators, ensuring that multiplication is evaluated before addition in the final structure.

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