Types of Multiprocessing Operating System

Duration: 6 min

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Module outline

  1. Numerical Ability & Problem Solving: Speed Mathematics and Basic Mathematics, Arithmetic, Number System, HCF LCM, Divisibility Rules, Percentage, Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Average, Profit and Loss, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Mixture and Alligation, Time and Work, Pipe and Cistern, Speed Time and Distance, Age Problems, Partnership, Data Interpretation, Mental Ability, Sequence and Series (Series), Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Algebra, Statistics, Logarithm, Mensuration and Geometry, Permutation and Combination, Probability, Sequences and Series, Powers, Surds and Logarithms, Subject-Verb Agreement, Sentence Completion, Geometry, Sentence Structure and Correction, Data Sufficiency, Trigonometry, Measurement and Quantity Take-Off, Signal Space and Optimum Detection, Probability, Statistics, Algebra, Time and Work, Speed, Time and Distance, Data Interpretation, Combinatorics
  2. Logical Reasoning: Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Data Sufficiency, Syllogisms, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Seating Arrangements, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Analytical Reasoning (Counting Figures Reasoning), Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Calendar, Clock, Cubes & Dices, Logical Sequence Of Words, Venn Diagram, Data Arrangement, Inequality, Analogy, Ranking, Order and Sequence, Selection Decision Table (Decision Making), Alphabet and Word Tests, Numerical Reasoning, Number System, Averages, Mixtures and Alligation, Percentages, Series Completion, Analogy and Classification, Patterns in Two-Dimensional Figures, Coding and Decoding, Mathematical Operations, Direction Sense, Logical Deduction and Induction, Syllogisms and Venn Diagrams, Critical Reasoning, Order, Ranking and Sequence, Reading Comprehension, Profit, Loss and Discount, Constraint Puzzles, Traverse Surveying, Ratio and Proportion, Mensuration, Permutations and Combinations, Clocks and Calendars, Assembling and Grouping of Shapes, Transformation of Shapes, Three-Dimensional Patterns and Visualization, Cubes and Dice, Vocabulary, Blood Relations
  3. General Knowledge & Current Affairs (India + Rajasthan): History, Geography, Polity, Indian Economy, Static General Knowledge, State Wise GK, GK- Current Affairs, Environment, Physics
  4. Computer Fundamentals & Operating Systems: Basics of COA, Floating Point Rep, Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Number Representation, Number System, Introduction to OS, File Management, Windows OS, Unix OS, Linux OS, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Virtual Memory
  5. Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Access Control, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Application Layer, Hardware Basics, Network Security
  6. Cyber Security: Cyber Threats and Malware Attacks, Role of Internet and Web Services, Security in Mobile and Wireless Computing, Electronic Data Interchange and E-Commerce, Physical Security and Cryptography Basics, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), Cyber Safety and Security, Ethical Hacking
  7. Programming (C & OOP): C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Arrays & Pointers, Functions, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling, OOPS with C++, Operators & Expressions, Sorting Algorithms, Java Fundamentals, Java
  8. MS Office & Data Processing: MS Office Applications, Basics of DBMS
  9. Internet & Web Technology: Society, Law & Ethics, Terms & Abbreviations, Keyboard Shortcuts, Emerging Tech Trends, Artificial Intelligence, Emerging Technologies, Internet Fundamentals, Website, Browser & Services, Web Design & Development, Protocols & Services, Web Publishing & Hosting, Server Side & Security
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

This educational video provides a comprehensive overview of multiprocessing systems, specifically distinguishing between Symmetric and Asymmetric multiprocessing architectures. The lecture begins by defining Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP), highlighting that a single operating system instance manages multiple identical processors sharing a common main memory. It emphasizes the peer-to-peer nature of SMP where no boss-worker hierarchy exists. The session then transitions to Asymmetric Multiprocessing, characterized by a master-slave relationship where a single master processor controls the system and assigns tasks to slave processors. Finally, the instructor outlines the advantages, such as increased throughput and reliability, and disadvantages, including complexity and memory requirements, concluding with a brief mathematical note on the screen.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The instructor introduces Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) using a slide titled 'Multiprocessing can be of two types'. He underlines key phrases like 'single OS instance' and 'identical processors' to emphasize that SMP involves multiple processors controlled by one OS instance connected to a single shared main memory. The diagram illustrates four processors, each with its own cache, connected via a 'Bus or Crossbar Switch' to shared memory and I/O. The instructor stresses that in SMP, all processors are peers with no boss-worker relationship, a concept common in Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. He specifically underlines 'peers' and 'no boss-worker relationship' to reinforce the equal status of processors in this architecture. He also notes that most multi-processing PC motherboards utilize this.

  2. 2:00 – 5:00 02:00-05:00

    The lecture shifts to Asymmetric Multiprocessing, defined as a master-slave relationship where one processor acts as a master controlling others that behave as slaves. The instructor underlines 'master-slave' and explains that specific tasks, like responding to hardware interrupts or executing kernel-mode code, may be restricted to a particular CPU. The diagram depicts a 'Boss' processor controlling 'Worker' processors, illustrating the boss-worker relationship. He notes that while such restrictions make systems easier to design, they tend to be less efficient than systems where all CPUs are utilized equally. He underlines 'easier to design' and 'less efficient' to contrast the trade-offs. He also mentions that user-mode code may be executed in any combination of processors.

  3. 5:00 – 6:27 05:00-06:27

    The final section covers the 'Advantage of multiprocessing' and 'Disadvantages'. Advantages listed include Increased Throughput, Economy of Scale, Increased Reliability (fault tolerance), and less battery consumption. The instructor explains that if one processor fails, the system slows down rather than halting, citing an example where ten processors mean a 10% slowdown if one fails. The disadvantages slide lists complexity, context switching overhead, and the need for large main memory. During this segment, the instructor writes '23 x 4 = 92' on the screen, possibly as a side note or calculation example. He also underlines 'Increased Throughput' and 'Increased Reliability'. He mentions that multiprocessing systems can cost less due to shared peripherals.

The video effectively contrasts Symmetric and Asymmetric multiprocessing, moving from architectural definitions to practical implications. It establishes that SMP offers efficiency through peer processors, while Asymmetric offers design simplicity through hierarchy. The final discussion on pros and cons provides a balanced view of why multiprocessing is used despite its added complexity.

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