Unrepeatable Read Problem

Duration: 5 min

This video lesson is available to enrolled students.

Return to /learn/RPSC-PROGRAMMER/paper-1-dbms/transaction-management/concurrency-problems/asset-unrepeatable-read-problem after enrolling

Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. Paper 1 | Reasoning Test: Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Data Sufficiency, Syllogisms, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Seating Arrangements, Blood Relations, Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Venn Diagram, Analogy, Ranking, Order and Sequence, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Selection Decision Table (Decision Making), Logical Sequence Of Words, Cubes & Dices, Analytical Reasoning (Counting Figures Reasoning), Calendar, Alphabet and Word Tests, Numerical Reasoning, Number System, Averages, Mixtures and Alligation, Percentages, Series Completion, Analogy and Classification, Patterns in Two-Dimensional Figures, Coding and Decoding, Mathematical Operations, Direction Sense, Algebra, Logical Deduction and Induction, Syllogisms and Venn Diagrams, Critical Reasoning, Order, Ranking and Sequence, Reading Comprehension, Profit, Loss and Discount, Constraint Puzzles, Speed, Time and Distance, Traverse Surveying, Ratio and Proportion, Time and Work, Mensuration, Permutations and Combinations, Clocks and Calendars, Data Interpretation, Assembling and Grouping of Shapes, Transformation of Shapes, Three-Dimensional Patterns and Visualization, Cubes and Dice, Vocabulary, Blood Relations, Data Sufficiency
  2. Paper 1 | Numerical Analysis: Number System, HCF LCM, Percentage, Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Average, Sequence and Series (Series), Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Algebra, Statistics, Data Interpretation, Mental Ability, Arithmetic, Logarithm, Profit and Loss, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Speed Time and Distance, Mixture and Alligation, Mensuration and Geometry, Permutation and Combination, Probability, Sequences and Series, Powers, Surds and Logarithms, Subject-Verb Agreement, Sentence Completion, Geometry, Sentence Structure and Correction, Data Sufficiency, Trigonometry, Measurement and Quantity Take-Off, Signal Space and Optimum Detection, Probability, Statistics, Algebra, Time and Work, Speed, Time and Distance, Data Interpretation, Graph Theory, Combinatorics
  3. Paper 1 | General Knowledge: State Wise GK, History, Geography, GK- Current Affairs, Static General Knowledge, Polity, Indian Economy
  4. Paper 1 | DBMS: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, SQL, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Relational Calculus, Database Security & Authorization, Database Recovery
  5. Paper 1 | Data Communication & Network: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Framing, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Network Security, Security in Mobile and Wireless Computing, Input Output Organisation, File Management, Hardware Basics, Terms & Abbreviations, Protocols & Services, Network Access Technologies, Cyber Safety and Security, Basics of COA
  6. Paper 2 | System Analysis & Design: Fundamentals of Systems and Information Systems, SDLC and Development Approaches, Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Documentation and Software Requirements Specification (SRS), SDD and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Testing, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management, Security, Risk Management & Maintenance, extras
  7. Paper 2 | Programming Language (Java): Java Fundamentals, OOPS with Java, Array, String, IO & References, Generic & Collections, Multithreading, Java, Miscellaneous, Control Flow, OOPS with C++, Stack, C Fundamentals, Arrays & Pointers, Object Oriented Technology, Control Flow & Looping, Introduction to Python
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The video lecture provides a detailed explanation of concurrency control problems in database management systems, specifically focusing on the 'Unrepeatable Read' and 'Phantom Read' anomalies. The instructor begins by presenting a slide titled 'Unrepeatable read problem' which defines the issue: when a transaction reads a data item twice, and another transaction updates it in between, the results differ. He then uses a visual table to demonstrate this with two transactions, T1 and T2. He initializes a data item A with the value 10. T1 performs a Read(A), followed by T2 performing a Read(A) and then a Write(A) changing the value to 25. Finally, T1 performs a second Read(A). The instructor writes the values '10' and '25' next to the operations to visually track the change, showing that T1 read 10 first and then 25, proving the read was not repeatable. The second half of the video introduces the 'Phantom read problem' with a new slide. The instructor explains this occurs when a transaction reads a set of rows, and another transaction deletes or inserts rows that match the search criteria. He sets up a similar table where T1 reads A (value 10). Then, T2 executes a Delete(A) operation. When T1 attempts to read A again, the data item is gone. The instructor writes a question mark next to the second read operation to signify the missing data. He explains that the data item has vanished like a 'phantom,' causing the second read to return a different result (or nothing) compared to the first. This highlights the importance of isolation levels in preventing such inconsistencies.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The instructor introduces the 'Unrepeatable read problem' using a slide definition and a transaction table. He sets up an example where data item A equals 10. T1 reads A (10), followed by T2 reading A (10) and writing A (25). Finally, T1 reads A again, retrieving 25. The instructor writes '10' and '25' next to the read/write operations to show the value change, illustrating how T1 sees inconsistent data. He emphasizes that the first transaction sees different values for the same read operation. The slide text explicitly states: 'When a transaction tries to read a value of a data item twice, and another transaction updates the data item in between, then the result of the two read operation of the first transaction will differ, this problem is called, Non-repeatable read problem'.

  2. 2:00 – 4:40 02:00-04:40

    The topic shifts to the 'Phantom read problem' with a new slide and table. The instructor sets A=10. T1 reads A (10). Then T2 performs a Delete(A) operation. When T1 reads A again, the data is missing. The instructor uses a question mark to indicate the missing value, explaining that the data item disappeared, creating a 'phantom' effect where the second read yields a different outcome than the first. He gestures to emphasize the disappearance of the data. The slide title changes to 'Phantom read problem' and the table shows T1 Read(A), T2 Delete(A), and T1 Read(A) again. The instructor writes 'a=10' and then a question mark next to the final read.

The lecture effectively contrasts two specific concurrency anomalies. Unrepeatable read focuses on value changes of an existing item, while phantom read focuses on the existence of the item itself (deletion/insertion). Both demonstrate why strict isolation levels are necessary to maintain data consistency. The visual aids of the transaction tables and handwritten values are crucial for understanding the sequence of events that lead to these problems. The instructor uses clear examples to differentiate between a value changing (unrepeatable read) and a row disappearing (phantom read).

Loading lesson…