What is Commitment Period - Kyoto Protocol

Duration: 4 min

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  1. Course Overview: About the Course
  2. Paper - 1 | Unit - 1 | Teaching Aptitude: Nature, Objectives & Characteristics of Teaching, Learners & Learning Process, Factors Affecting Teaching, Methods of Teaching, Teaching-Learning Aids & ICT Integration, Evaluation, Assessment & Measurement
  3. Paper - 1 | Unit - 2 | Research Aptitude: Introduction to Research, Validity & Reliability, Research Paradigms & Types of Research, Research Process Steps, Research Ethics, Writing & Publication
  4. Paper - 1 | Unit - 3 | Comprehension: Comprehension / Reading Comprehension / Unseen Passages (Critical Reasoning) (Paragraph Questions)
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  7. Paper - 1 | Unit - 6 | Logical Reasoning: Syllogisms, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Venn Diagram, School Of Thoughts, Fallacy, Western Logic
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  9. Paper - 1 | Unit - 8 | Information and Communication Technology: MS Office Applications, Cyber Threats and Malware Attacks, Role of Internet and Web Services, Electronic Data Interchange and E-Commerce, Internet Fundamentals, Web Design & Development, Web Publishing & Hosting, Emerging Technologies, Terms & Abbreviations, Artificial Intelligence, Society, Law & Ethics, Keyboard Shortcuts, Website, Browser & Services
  10. Paper - 1 | Unit - 9 | People Development and Environment: Ecosystem, Biomes & Environmental Issues, MDG & SDG, Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Soil, Noise Pollution and Waste Management, Natural Resources, Energy & Disaster Management, Global Environmental Conventions – COP, Protocols & ISA
  11. Paper - 1 | Unit - 10 | Higher Education System: Vedic Education, Jainism & Buddhism, Ancient Universities, Pre-Independence Commissions, Post-Independence Policy, Higher Education Structure & Accreditation, Universities & Learning Programmes, Types of Education & NEP 2020
  12. Paper 2 | Unit 1 | Discrete Structures and Optimization: Propositional and Predicate Logic, Set Theory, Relations, Functions, Permutation and Combination, Probability, Graph Theory, Group Theory, Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Optimization
  13. Paper 2 | Unit 2 | Computer System Architecture: Logic Gates & Hardware, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation, Floating Point Rep, Basics of COA, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Programming the Basic Computer, Instr Formats & Modes, Control Unit Design, Pipelining, Input Output Organisation, Cache Memory Organization, Multiprocessors
  14. Paper 2 | Unit 3 | Programming Languages and Computer Graphics: Language Design, C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling, HTML Basics, XML, JavaScript-Basics, Java, Basics of Computer Graphics, 2-D Geometrical Transforms and Viewing, 3-D Object Representation, Geometric Transformations and Viewing, OOPS with C++, Java Fundamentals
  15. Paper 2 | Unit 4 | Database Management Systems: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, SQL, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Database Recovery, ORDBMS, Database Security & Authorization, Query Processing & Optimization, Enhanced Data Models, Data Warehousing & Mining, Big Data Systems, NoSQL
  16. Paper 2 | Unit 5 | System Software and Operating System: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Threads & Process Creation, Deadlock, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Windows OS, Linux OS, Security, Distributed Systems, Virtual Machines
  17. Paper 2 | Unit 6 | Software Engineering: Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Testing, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management
  18. Paper 2 | Unit 7 | Data Structures and Algorithms: Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos, Advanced Algorithms
  19. Paper 2 | Unit 8 | Theory of Computation and Compilers: Introduction to TOC, Deterministic FA (DFA), Non-Deterministic FA, Regular Expressions, Grammar, Regular Language Properties, Moore & Mealy Machines, Pushdown Automata & CFG, Turing Machines, Complexity Theory, Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization, Run Time Environment
  20. Paper 2 | Unit 9 | Data Communication and Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Framing, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics, Network Security, Mobile Technology, Cloud Computing and IoT, Cloud Computing
  21. Paper 2 | Unit 10 | Artificial Intelligence: Approaches to AI, Search Algorithms, Game Playing, Knowledge Representation, Planning, Multi Agent Systems, Fuzzy Sets, Natural Language Processing, Artificial Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms
  22. Live Classes: NTA UGC NET 2025 Live Class
  23. Paper 1 | Full Mock Tests:
  24. Paper 2 | Full Mock Tests:
  25. Paper 1 | Previous Year Papers:
  26. Paper 2 | Previous Year Papers:
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The video is a lecture on the Kyoto Protocol, focusing on its commitment periods and the greenhouse gases (GHGs) it targets. The instructor begins by explaining that the Kyoto Protocol has two commitment periods. The first, Phase-1 (2008-2012), required developed countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions by 5% below 1990 levels. The second, Phase-2 (2013-2020), known as the Doha Amendment, set a more ambitious target of at least an 18% reduction from 1990 levels. The lecture then transitions to a list of the seven specific GHGs targeted by the protocol, which are listed on the whiteboard: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6), Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF3), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and Perfluorocarbons (PFCs). The instructor explains that these gases are called 'greenhouse gases' because they absorb infrared radiation from the sun, trapping heat in the atmosphere and contributing to global warming.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The lecture begins with a slide titled 'What is commitment period - Kyoto Protocol?'. The instructor explains that the Kyoto Protocol has two commitment periods. The first, Phase-1 (2008-2012), required developed countries to cut their emissions by 5% against 1990 levels. The second, Phase-2 (2013-2020), was agreed upon in 2012 and is known as the Doha Amendment, which set a target of reducing emissions by at least 18% against 1990 levels. The instructor uses a pen to point to the text on the slide, emphasizing the key dates and percentages. The on-screen text clearly states 'Phase-1 (2008-12) gave the target of cutting down emissions by 5% against 1990 levels' and 'Phase-2 (2013-20) gave the target of reducing emissions by at least 18% against 1990 levels'.

  2. 2:00 – 3:46 02:00-03:46

    The instructor transitions to a new slide titled 'Target under this protocol applies to following GHGs:'. She lists seven specific greenhouse gases, writing them on the whiteboard and marking them with a checkmark. The gases are: 1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2), 2. Methane (CH4), 3. Nitrous Oxide (N2O), 4. Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6), 5. Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF3), 6. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and 7. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs). The instructor explains that these gases are called 'greenhouse gases' because they absorb radiation energy, primarily in the infrared region of the solar spectrum, which leads to the greenhouse effect. The on-screen text clearly lists all seven gases with their chemical formulas and Hindi translations.

The video provides a structured overview of the Kyoto Protocol's framework. It first establishes the two distinct commitment periods, highlighting the specific emission reduction targets for each phase. This is followed by a detailed explanation of the specific gases that are regulated under the protocol. The synthesis of these two parts shows that the protocol is a comprehensive international agreement designed to combat climate change by setting binding targets for developed nations to reduce their emissions of a specific list of potent greenhouse gases.

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