Step-2 Reviewing Literature

Duration: 12 min

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Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. Course Overview: About the Course
  2. Paper - 1 | Unit - 1 | Teaching Aptitude: Nature, Objectives & Characteristics of Teaching, Learners & Learning Process, Factors Affecting Teaching, Methods of Teaching, Teaching-Learning Aids & ICT Integration, Evaluation, Assessment & Measurement
  3. Paper - 1 | Unit - 2 | Research Aptitude: Introduction to Research, Validity & Reliability, Research Paradigms & Types of Research, Research Process Steps, Research Ethics, Writing & Publication
  4. Paper - 1 | Unit - 3 | Comprehension: Comprehension / Reading Comprehension / Unseen Passages (Critical Reasoning) (Paragraph Questions)
  5. Paper - 1 | Unit - 4 | Communication: Communication Basics, Language and Semiotics, Types of Communication, Communication Models, Mass Communication, Mass Media, Journalism, General Knowledge and General Studies related to Communication
  6. Paper - 1 | Unit - 5 | Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude: Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Number System, Percentage, Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Speed Time and Distance, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Profit and Loss, Average, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Analytical Reasoning (Counting Figures Reasoning), Verbal Analogy (Word Based Analogy), Divisibility Rules, Calendar, Miscellaneous, Time and Work, Algebra
  7. Paper - 1 | Unit - 6 | Logical Reasoning: Syllogisms, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Venn Diagram, School Of Thoughts, Fallacy, Western Logic
  8. Paper - 1 | Unit - 7 | Data Interpretation: Data Interpretation
  9. Paper - 1 | Unit - 8 | Information and Communication Technology: MS Office Applications, Cyber Threats and Malware Attacks, Role of Internet and Web Services, Electronic Data Interchange and E-Commerce, Internet Fundamentals, Web Design & Development, Web Publishing & Hosting, Emerging Technologies, Terms & Abbreviations, Artificial Intelligence, Society, Law & Ethics, Keyboard Shortcuts, Website, Browser & Services
  10. Paper - 1 | Unit - 9 | People Development and Environment: Ecosystem, Biomes & Environmental Issues, MDG & SDG, Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Soil, Noise Pollution and Waste Management, Natural Resources, Energy & Disaster Management, Global Environmental Conventions – COP, Protocols & ISA
  11. Paper - 1 | Unit - 10 | Higher Education System: Vedic Education, Jainism & Buddhism, Ancient Universities, Pre-Independence Commissions, Post-Independence Policy, Higher Education Structure & Accreditation, Universities & Learning Programmes, Types of Education & NEP 2020
  12. Paper 2 | Unit 1 | Discrete Structures and Optimization: Propositional and Predicate Logic, Set Theory, Relations, Functions, Permutation and Combination, Probability, Graph Theory, Group Theory, Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Optimization
  13. Paper 2 | Unit 2 | Computer System Architecture: Logic Gates & Hardware, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation, Floating Point Rep, Basics of COA, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Programming the Basic Computer, Instr Formats & Modes, Control Unit Design, Pipelining, Input Output Organisation, Cache Memory Organization, Multiprocessors
  14. Paper 2 | Unit 3 | Programming Languages and Computer Graphics: Language Design, C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling, HTML Basics, XML, JavaScript-Basics, Java, Basics of Computer Graphics, 2-D Geometrical Transforms and Viewing, 3-D Object Representation, Geometric Transformations and Viewing, OOPS with C++, Java Fundamentals
  15. Paper 2 | Unit 4 | Database Management Systems: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, SQL, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Database Recovery, ORDBMS, Database Security & Authorization, Query Processing & Optimization, Enhanced Data Models, Data Warehousing & Mining, Big Data Systems, NoSQL
  16. Paper 2 | Unit 5 | System Software and Operating System: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Threads & Process Creation, Deadlock, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Windows OS, Linux OS, Security, Distributed Systems, Virtual Machines
  17. Paper 2 | Unit 6 | Software Engineering: Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Testing, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management
  18. Paper 2 | Unit 7 | Data Structures and Algorithms: Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos, Advanced Algorithms
  19. Paper 2 | Unit 8 | Theory of Computation and Compilers: Introduction to TOC, Deterministic FA (DFA), Non-Deterministic FA, Regular Expressions, Grammar, Regular Language Properties, Moore & Mealy Machines, Pushdown Automata & CFG, Turing Machines, Complexity Theory, Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization, Run Time Environment
  20. Paper 2 | Unit 9 | Data Communication and Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Framing, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics, Network Security, Mobile Technology, Cloud Computing and IoT, Cloud Computing
  21. Paper 2 | Unit 10 | Artificial Intelligence: Approaches to AI, Search Algorithms, Game Playing, Knowledge Representation, Planning, Multi Agent Systems, Fuzzy Sets, Natural Language Processing, Artificial Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms
  22. Live Classes: NTA UGC NET 2025 Live Class
  23. Paper 1 | Full Mock Tests:
  24. Paper 2 | Full Mock Tests:
  25. Paper 1 | Previous Year Papers:
  26. Paper 2 | Previous Year Papers:
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

This educational video provides a comprehensive guide on the second step of the research process: reviewing the literature. The lecture begins by defining literature review as the examination of existing research to understand what is already known about a topic. It outlines two main objectives: broadening the researcher's knowledge and enhancing the clarity and focus of the research problem. The video then details a three-stage procedure for conducting a literature review: Stage 1 involves searching for relevant literature using credible sources like PubMed, Google Scholar, and JSTOR; Stage 2 requires critically evaluating and synthesizing the information to identify key findings, methodologies, and gaps; and Stage 3 focuses on developing theoretical and conceptual frameworks to guide the research. The presentation concludes with a practical demonstration of using Google Scholar to search for academic articles, showing how to find and access relevant studies on a topic like 'AI Algorithms'.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The video introduces 'Step 2: Reviewing Literature' as a crucial part of the research process. The on-screen text defines it as examining existing research to understand what is already known about a topic. The lecture explains that this process involves identifying, analyzing, and synthesizing information to build upon existing knowledge, avoid duplication, and refine research questions. The main objectives are listed as '1. Broadening Knowledge' and '2. Enhancing Clarity and Focus'. The instructor uses the example of studying caffeine's impact on memory to illustrate how reviewing previous studies can provide a solid foundation and help identify research gaps, such as the lack of studies on long-term memory effects.

  2. 2:00 – 5:00 02:00-05:00

    The video continues to elaborate on the objectives of reviewing literature. It explains that a literature review broadens the researcher's understanding of the research problem and helps them avoid duplicating previous work. The second objective, enhancing clarity and focus, is explained by showing how examining previous studies can reveal gaps and inconsistencies, which helps the researcher refine their own research problem. The instructor provides a concrete example: while many studies focus on caffeine's effect on alertness, fewer have explored its impact on long-term memory, which gives the researcher a clearer focus. The slide also introduces two additional benefits: 'Improving Research Methodology' by learning about different research designs, and 'Contextualising Findings' by comparing new results with existing knowledge.

  3. 5:00 – 10:00 05:00-10:00

    The video presents a detailed three-stage procedure for reviewing literature. Stage 1, 'Searching Existing Literature', involves using credible sources like books, journal articles, and databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and JSTOR. Stage 2, 'Reviewing and Synthesising the Literature', requires critically evaluating the information to note key findings, methodologies, and gaps. Stage 3, 'Developing Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks', involves using the insights from the literature to build a framework that guides the research. The instructor emphasizes that this framework helps structure the study and aligns it with existing theories. The slide also lists 'Main Sources of Literature Review', including books, journals, and internet sources, with a note that peer-reviewed journals from reputable institutions are preferred.

  4. 10:00 – 12:13 10:00-12:13

    The video transitions to a practical demonstration of the literature search process. The instructor navigates to the Google Scholar website, which is shown on screen. The search bar is used to enter the query 'AI ALGORITHMS'. The results page displays a list of relevant academic articles, including titles like 'Communication-efficient edge AI: surveys, tutorials, and explorations' and 'Decoding student cognitive abilities: a comparative study of explainable AI algorithms'. The instructor then clicks on one of the articles, 'Decoding student cognitive abilities...', to show how to access the full text and view the article's structure, including sections like Abstract, Introduction, and Methodology. The video concludes by stating that after learning about reviewing literature, the next step is the identification of variables in the research process.

The video provides a structured and practical guide to conducting a literature review, a foundational step in academic research. It effectively combines theoretical explanation with a real-world demonstration. The lecture progresses from defining the purpose and objectives of a literature review—broadening knowledge and enhancing focus—to a clear, three-stage procedural framework. The use of a concrete example (caffeine and memory) makes the concepts relatable, while the demonstration of using Google Scholar provides a valuable, hands-on skill. The synthesis of information from the slides and the live screen recording creates a comprehensive learning experience, emphasizing that a thorough literature review is not just a summary but a critical process for building a robust and well-informed research project.

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