Realism

Duration: 2 min

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Module outline

  1. Paper - 1 | Unit - 1 | Teaching Aptitude: Nature, Objectives & Characteristics of Teaching, Learners & Learning Process, Factors Affecting Teaching, Methods of Teaching, Teaching-Learning Aids & ICT Integration, Evaluation, Assessment & Measurement
  2. Paper - 1 | Unit - 2 | Research Aptitude: Introduction to Research, Validity & Reliability, Research Paradigms & Types of Research, Research Process Steps, Research Ethics, Writing & Publication
  3. Paper - 1 | Unit - 3 | Comprehension: Comprehension / Reading Comprehension / Unseen Passages (Critical Reasoning) (Paragraph Questions)
  4. Paper - 1 | Unit - 4 | Communication: Communication Basics, Language and Semiotics, Types of Communication, Communication Models, Mass Communication, Mass Media, Journalism, General Knowledge and General Studies related to Communication
  5. Paper - 1 | Unit - 5 | Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude: Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Number System, Percentage, Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Speed Time and Distance, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Profit and Loss, Average, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Analytical Reasoning (Counting Figures Reasoning), Verbal Analogy (Word Based Analogy), Divisibility Rules, Calendar, Miscellaneous, Time and Work, Algebra, Permutation and Combination, Probability
  6. Paper - 1 | Unit - 6 | Logical Reasoning: Syllogisms, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Venn Diagram, School Of Thoughts, Fallacy, Western Logic
  7. Paper - 1 | Unit - 7 | Data Interpretation: Data Interpretation
  8. Paper - 1 | Unit - 8 | Information and Communication Technology: MS Office Applications, Cyber Threats and Malware Attacks, Role of Internet and Web Services, Electronic Data Interchange and E-Commerce, Internet Fundamentals, Web Design & Development, Web Publishing & Hosting, Emerging Technologies, Terms & Abbreviations, Artificial Intelligence, Basics of COA, Introduction to OS, Introduction to CN, Data Communication, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Network Security, Number System, Number Representation, Society, Law & Ethics, Keyboard Shortcuts, Website, Browser & Services
  9. Paper - 1 | Unit - 9 | People Development and Environment: Ecosystem, Biomes & Environmental Issues, MDG & SDG, Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Soil, Noise Pollution and Waste Management, Natural Resources, Energy & Disaster Management, Global Environmental Conventions – COP, Protocols & ISA
  10. Paper - 1 | Unit - 10 | Higher Education System: Vedic Education, Jainism & Buddhism, Ancient Universities, Pre-Independence Commissions, Post-Independence Policy, Higher Education Structure & Accreditation, Universities & Learning Programmes, Types of Education & NEP 2020
  11. Live Classes: NTA UGC NET 2025 Live Class
  12. Full Mock Tests:
  13. Previous Year Papers:
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The video presents a lecture on research paradigms, explaining that different perspectives lead to different approaches in research. The instructor introduces two primary paradigms: Realism and Constructivism. Realism is defined as a focus on obtaining information from the external world, with an example of a climate change study using temperature data from weather stations. Constructivism is described as emphasizing the uniqueness of individual experiences and subjective reality, illustrated by a study on cancer survivors using in-depth qualitative interviews. The on-screen text clearly labels these two paradigms and provides their definitions and examples, establishing a foundational understanding of how a researcher's philosophical stance shapes their methodology.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 1:54 00:00-01:54

    The video begins with an introduction to research paradigms, stating that different perspectives represent different ways researchers perceive and investigate their subject matter. The on-screen text explicitly lists two categories: 1. Realism and 2. Constructivism. The instructor defines Realism as focusing on obtaining information from the external world, citing a study on climate change where researchers collect temperature data from weather stations to understand objective reality. The text then defines Constructivism as emphasizing the uniqueness of individual experiences and subjective reality, with an example of a research study exploring the lived experiences of cancer survivors through in-depth qualitative interviews. The visual content clearly presents these two paradigms as distinct categories, each with its own approach and methodology, setting the stage for understanding the philosophical underpinnings of research.

The lecture establishes a clear dichotomy between Realism and Constructivism as two fundamental research paradigms. It demonstrates that a researcher's choice of paradigm is not arbitrary but dictates the entire research process, from the type of data collected (objective measurements vs. subjective experiences) to the methods used (quantitative vs. qualitative). This foundational concept is crucial for students to understand how philosophical assumptions shape scientific inquiry.

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