Associative Mapping part-2

Duration: 5 min

This video lesson is available to enrolled students.

Return to /learn/NIACL-AO-IT-SPECIALIST/compiler-design-it-specialist/cache-memory-organization/associative-mapping/asset-associative-mapping-part-2 after enrolling

Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. Quantitative Aptitude: Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Data Interpretation, Mixture and Alligation, Permutation and Combination, Number System, Sequence and Series (Series), Speed Time and Distance, Speed Mathematics and Basic Mathematics, Algebra, Percentage, Profit and Loss, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Time and Work, Mensuration and Geometry, Partnership
  2. Reasoning Ability: Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Data Sufficiency, Seating Arrangements, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Directions (Direction Test), Ranking, Order and Sequence, Syllogisms, Blood Relations, Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Inequality, Machine Input-Output
  3. English Language: Vocabulary, Noun, Subject Verb Agreement (Verb Noun Agreement), Adjectives, Tenses, Comprehension / Reading Comprehension / Unseen Passages (Critical Reasoning) (Paragraph Questions), Cloze Test (Cloze Passage), Sentence Correction (Error Correction), Sentence Completion (Fill in the blanks), Sentence Re-arrangements (Para Jumbles) (Narrative Sequencing), Sentence Construction, Pronoun, Preposition, Conjunction, Adverb, Verb, Modals, Articles, Determiner, Interjection
  4. General Awareness: Evolution of Indian Banking (Banking & Financial Awareness), GK- Current Affairs, Static General Knowledge, Indian Economy
  5. C Concepts + MCQs (IT Specialist): C Programming by Yash Sir, C Language Core
  6. Java (IT Specialist): Java
  7. Python (IT Specialist): Python for Placements by Yash Sir, Python Basics
  8. OOPs (IT Specialist): Object Oriented Programming (OOPS)
  9. DBMS (IT Specialist): Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Database Recovery, ORDBMS, Database Security & Authorization, Query Processing & Optimization, Enhanced Data Models, Data Warehousing & Mining, Big Data Systems, NoSQL
  10. SQL (IT Specialist): SQL
  11. Software Engineering (IT Specialist): Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Testing, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management
  12. Data Structure (IT Specialist): Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing
  13. Operating System (IT Specialist): Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Deadlock, Threads & Process Creation, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Windows OS, Linux OS, Security, Distributed Systems, Virtual Machines
  14. Compiler Design (IT Specialist): Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization, Run Time Environment
  15. Computer Architecture (IT Specialist): Basics of COA, Floating Point Rep, Cache Memory Organization, Input Output Organisation, Pipelining, Instr Formats & Modes, Control Unit Design, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Multiprocessors, Programming the Basic Computer
  16. Data Communication & Networking (IT Specialist): Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Framing, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics, Network Security
  17. Descriptive Test (Main Exam): English Writing Ability
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The video lecture introduces Associative Mapping as a solution to the conflict-miss problem found in direct mapping. It explains that in fully associative mapping, any block of main memory can be placed in any cache line, offering greater flexibility. The lecture then transitions to the hardware architecture required for this mapping, detailing the use of multiple comparators to check tags in parallel. This approach ensures that the cache can quickly determine if a requested block is present, regardless of its location.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The instructor begins by defining Associative Mapping on a slide titled 'Associative Mapping'. He highlights that this method overcomes the 'conflict-miss' problem in direct mapping. The slide text states, 'A block of main memory can be mapped to any freely available cache line,' making it more flexible. He notes it is also known as 'many to many mappings.' Visual diagrams show a 4-line cache (CL-0 to CL-3) and 16 main memory blocks (B-0 to B-15). Red arrows illustrate that a specific block, like B-8, can be mapped to any available cache line, such as CL-2, demonstrating the lack of fixed mapping constraints. The instructor emphasizes that this flexibility is the key benefit, allowing blocks to be placed wherever there is space, unlike direct mapping where a block has only one specific location, thus reducing conflict misses.

  2. 2:00 – 4:45 02:00-04:45

    The lecture shifts to 'Hardware Architecture' for associative mapping. A diagram displays a Tag Array, multiple Comparators, and an OR Gate. The instructor explains that if there are 'n' lines in the cache, 'n' number of comparators are required. The slide text specifies, 'Size of comparator = Size of Tag.' He elaborates that if the tag is 'n' bits, an 'n' bit comparator is needed. The diagram shows the tag from the address being compared against all tags in the Tag Array simultaneously. The outputs of these comparators feed into an OR gate to produce a final 'hit/miss' signal, emphasizing the parallel nature of the hardware implementation. He points out that this parallel comparison is what makes the hardware complex but effective, as it allows checking all lines at once.

The video provides a comprehensive overview of Associative Mapping, starting with its conceptual advantages over direct mapping, specifically regarding flexibility and conflict misses. It visually demonstrates how memory blocks map to cache lines without restriction. The second half focuses on the practical hardware implementation, explaining that parallel tag comparison is necessary, requiring a number of comparators equal to the number of cache lines. This connects the theoretical mapping strategy to the physical circuitry needed to execute it efficiently. The lecture effectively bridges the gap between abstract mapping rules and concrete hardware requirements, showing how the 'many to many' concept translates into a specific circuit design involving multiple comparators and an OR gate.

Loading lesson…