Which of the following statements is/are correct? I. RTL is a saturated…

Concept: In bipolar-transistor logic families, a gate is called “saturated” when its transistor is driven fully into the saturation region while ON, and “non-saturated” when the circuit topology (such as clamping or a differential current-steering pair) keeps every transistor in the active region, avoiding the storage-time delay that saturation causes and allowing much faster switching.

1. RTL (Resistor-Transistor Logic) uses simple resistor-biased BJT switches that are driven hard into saturation when ON, so RTL is classified as a saturated bipolar logic family, confirming Statement I.

2. ECL (Emitter-Coupled Logic) uses a differential amplifier pair biased so that the conducting transistor never enters saturation; this non-saturating operation is exactly what gives ECL its characteristic high speed, confirming Statement II.

Cross-check against each combination:

• “Only I” would require ECL to also be a saturated family, but ECL's differential switching design specifically avoids saturation.

• “Only II” would require RTL to be non-saturated, but RTL's resistor-biased transistors do saturate when ON.

• “Neither I nor II” would require both classifications to be false, but both are standard, well-documented properties of RTL and ECL.

Since both statements correctly describe RTL and ECL, the combination “Both I and II” is the correct answer.