If P, Q, R are subsets of the universal set U, then the value of following…

2008

If P, Q, R are subsets of the universal set U, then the value of following expression is

(P ∩ Q ∩ R) ∪ (Pc ∩ Q ∩ R) ∪ Qc ∪ Rc


  1. A.

    Qc U Rc

  2. B.

    P U Qc U Rc

  3. C.

    Pc U Qc U Rc

  4. D.

    U

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Correct answer: D

Step 1: Combine the first two terms: (P ∩ Q ∩ R) ∪ (Pc ∩ Q ∩ R) = (P ∪ Pc) ∩ Q ∩ R = Q ∩ R.

Step 2: Replace these in the entire expression to get (Q ∩ R) ∪ Qc ∪ Rc.

  1. Simplify Qc ∪ (Q ∩ R): Qc ∪ (Q ∩ R) = (Qc ∪ Q) ∩ (Qc ∪ R) = U ∩ (Qc ∪ R) = Qc ∪ R.

  2. Now simplify (Qc ∪ R) ∪ Rc: (Qc ∪ R) ∪ Rc = Qc ∪ (R ∪ Rc) = Qc ∪ U = U.

Conclusion: The given expression simplifies to the universal set U.

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