Consider the following two statements about database transaction schedules: I.…

2019

Consider the following two statements about database transaction schedules:

I. Strict two-phase locking protocol generates conflict serializable schedules that are also recoverable.

II. Timestamp-ordering concurrency control protocol with Thomas’ Write Rule can generate view serializable schedules that are not conflict serializable.

Which of the above statements is/are TRUE?

  1. A.

    I only

  2. B.

    II only

  3. C.

    Both I and II

  4. D.

    Neither I nor II

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Correct answer: C

Answer: Both statements are true.

  • Statement I — Strict two-phase locking (strict 2PL): Holding exclusive locks until a transaction commits or aborts prevents other transactions from reading or writing those items prematurely. This enforces conflict serializability and also ensures recoverability by preventing cascading aborts.

  • Statement II — Timestamp-ordering with Thomas' Write Rule: Thomas' rule allows skipping writes that are obsolete with respect to timestamps. This can produce schedules that are view serializable (final read/write relationships are preserved) but not conflict serializable, so the statement is true.

Therefore, both statements are correct.

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