Consider a TCP connection operating at a point of time with the congestion…

2024

Consider a TCP connection operating at a point of time with the congestion window of size 12 MSS (Maximum Segment Size), when a timeout occurs due to packet loss. Assuming that all the segments transmitted in the next two RTTs (Round Trip Time) are acknowledged correctly, the congestion window size (in MSS) during the third RTT will be _________

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Correct answer: 4

Given:

  • cwnd = 12 MSS

  • Timeout occurs

  • Next 2 RTTs all segments acknowledged correctly

  • Find cwnd in 3rd RTT

Step 1: Timeout in TCP Tahoe

  • On timeout:

    • ssthresh = cwnd / 2 = 12 / 2 = 6 MSS

    • cwnd reset to 1 MSS

Step 2: Slow Start after timeout

  • Slow start: cwnd doubles every RTT until cwnd ≥ ssthresh

RTT

cwnd at start

cwnd at end

1

1 MSS

2 MSS

2

2 MSS

4 MSS

3

4 MSS

6 MSS

After reaching ssthresh = 6 MSS, TCP enters congestion avoidance (linear growth).

Step 3: cwnd during third RTT

  • The third RTT starts with cwnd = 4 MSS and ends with cwnd = 6 MSS

  • Usually, the cwnd at the start of RTT is considered
    So, cwnd = 4 MSS at the start of third RTT

Answer:

4 MSS

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