Stack Practice questions

Duration: 10 min

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Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. About Course: About the Course
  2. Programming, Data Structures, OOP & Java: C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling, Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, Java, OOPS with C++, Java Fundamentals, Array, String, IO & References, Language Design, Intro to Compilers, Visual Basics, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Object Oriented Technology
  3. Computer Networks, TCP/IP & Network Security: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Error Control, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics, Network Access Technologies, Network Security, Society, Law & Ethics, Cloud Computing, Mobile Computing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Cyber Safety and Security
  4. Teaching Methodology: Child Development, Concept of Pedagogy, Theories, Inclusive Education, Experiential Pedagogy, Assessment & Evaluation, Curriculum Framework & Reforms, National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, Psychology, Teaching-Learning Process, Personality Development, Teaching Methods & Strategies, Learning and Motivation, Learners & Learning Process, Factors Affecting Teaching, Methods of Teaching, Nature, Objectives & Characteristics of Teaching, Teaching-Learning Aids & ICT Integration, Classroom Management & Communication, Evaluation, Assessment & Measurement, Curriculum & School Environment, Inclusive Education & Special Needs, Professional Development & Ethics
  5. Digital Electronics / Boolean Logic: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Logic Gates & Hardware, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation, Analog-Digital Conversion
  6. Operating Systems & Linux: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Threads & Process Creation, Deadlock, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, File Management, Disc Scheduling, Unix OS, Linux OS, Distributed Systems, Windows OS
  7. Data Base Management System: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, Relational Algebra, SQL, File Organization & Indexing, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Database Security & Authorization, Database Recovery, Data Warehousing & Mining
  8. Internet & Web Technologies: Website, Browser & Services, Internet Fundamentals, Web Design & Development, Protocols & Services, Web Publishing & Hosting, Server Side & Security, HTML Basics, CSS, Emerging Technologies, JavaScript-Basics, .Net Programming, Electronic Data Interchange and E-Commerce, XML
  9. Computer Fundamentals, IT Basics & Architecture: Basics of COA, Cache Memory Organization, Input Output Organisation, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Control Unit Design, Programming the Basic Computer, Terms & Abbreviations, MS Office Applications, Instr Formats & Modes, Floating Point Rep
  10. Python Language: Introduction to Python, Tokens, Variables, Data Types, I/O, Operators & Expressions, Control Flow & Looping, Collections & Strings, Functions & Modules, File Handling & Data Analysis
  11. Software Engineering: Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Testing, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management, extras, Fundamentals of Systems and Information Systems
  12. Design & Analysis of Algorithms: Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos, Advanced Algorithms
  13. Mathematics - I, II, III, IV: Permutation and Combination, Logarithm, Linear Algebra, Algebra, Calculus, Trigonometry, Vectors, Set Theory, Functions, Relations, Propositional and Predicate Logic, Research Process Steps, Graph Theory
  14. Computer Graphics, Multimedia & Mobile Computing: Basics of Computer Graphics, 2-D Geometrical Transforms and Viewing, 3-D Object Representation, Geometric Transformations and Viewing, Multimedia
  15. Emerging Trends: Emerging Tech Trends, Knowledge Representation, Natural Language Processing
  16. Statistical Techniques: Probability, Statistics
  17. Interpolation - DI: Data Interpretation
  18. Basis of Physics: Physics
  19. Previous Year Paper:
  20. Business Studies and Management: Business Communication, Business Organization and Management, Financial Accounting, Business Economics, Management Information System (MIS), Knowledge Management & New Economy
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The video lecture analyzes two C functions, `fun` and `fun2`, to determine the mathematical operation performed by `fun2`. The instructor first identifies that `fun(x, y)` implements multiplication (`x * y`). He then traces the execution of `fun2(a, b)` using specific inputs (a=2, b=3) to find the output. By expanding the recursive calls, he calculates the result as 8. Finally, he generalizes the recursive structure of `fun2` to show that it computes `a` raised to the power of `b` (exponentiation), confirming option (C) as the correct answer.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The instructor introduces the problem by displaying two C functions on the screen: `fun(int x, int y)` and `fun2(int a, int b)`. He begins by analyzing `fun`, noting that it recursively adds `x` to itself `y` times, effectively implementing multiplication (`x * y`). He then sets up a trace for `fun2` using the specific input values `a=2` and `b=3`. He writes down the initial recursive expansion on the whiteboard: `fun2(2, 3)` calls `fun(2, fun2(2, 2))`. He continues to expand the inner call, writing `fun(2, fun(2, fun2(2, 1)))` and then `fun(2, fun(2, fun(2, fun2(2, 0))))`. This establishes the recursive structure needed to evaluate the function.

  2. 2:00 – 5:00 02:00-05:00

    The instructor proceeds to evaluate the nested function calls starting from the base case. He identifies that `fun2(2, 0)` returns `1` based on the base condition `if (b == 0) return 1;`. Substituting this back, the expression becomes `fun(2, fun(2, fun(2, 1)))`. He evaluates the innermost `fun(2, 1)` as `2 * 1 = 2`. The expression simplifies to `fun(2, fun(2, 2))`. Next, he evaluates `fun(2, 2)` as `2 * 2 = 4`. The expression further simplifies to `fun(2, 4)`. Finally, he calculates `fun(2, 4)` as `2 * 4 = 8`. He writes `2^3 = 8` on the board, noting that the result matches the power operation.

  3. 5:00 – 9:52 05:00-09:52

    To confirm the general behavior, the instructor analyzes the recursive step of `fun2` algebraically. He observes that `fun2(a, b)` returns `fun(a, fun2(a, b-1))`. Since `fun(x, y)` is multiplication, this translates to `a * fun2(a, b-1)`. This recurrence relation, `f(a, b) = a * f(a, b-1)` with base case `f(a, 0) = 1`, is the standard definition of exponentiation `a^b`. He compares this with the given options: (A) `a*b`, (B) `a+a*b`, (C) `a^b`, and (D) `b^a`. Although option (B) also yields 8 for inputs (2,3), the recursive structure `a * fun2(...)` clearly matches exponentiation, not addition. He circles option (C) `a^b` as the correct answer, concluding that `fun2` computes `a` raised to the power of `b`.

The lecture demonstrates a method for analyzing recursive C functions by first simplifying helper functions and then tracing specific examples to find a pattern. By identifying `fun` as multiplication and tracing `fun2(2, 3)` to get 8, the instructor establishes a numerical pattern. He then generalizes the recursive step `fun(a, fun2(a, b-1))` into the algebraic form `a * fun2(a, b-1)`, which definitively proves that `fun2` implements exponentiation `a^b`.

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