Gagne's Nine events of Instruction

Duration: 15 min

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Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. About Course: About the Course
  2. Section A: General Awareness: Polity, वैज्ञानिक उपलब्धियाँ और अनुसंधान / Scientific Achievements and Research, Biology, Chemistry, Static General Knowledge, History, Geography, Indian Economy, समसामयिकी / Current Affairs, Evolution of Indian Banking (Banking & Financial Awareness), Environment
  3. Section A: General Intelligence & Reasoning ability: श्रेणी / Series, कूट लेखन एवं कूट वाचन / Coding-Decoding, Data Sufficiency, अशाब्दिक तर्क / Non-Verbal Reasoning, Analytical Reasoning (Counting Figures Reasoning), रक्त संबंध / Blood Relations, Syllogisms, कथन आधारित तार्किक विवेचन / Statement-Based Reasoning, बैठक व्यवस्था एवं पहेलियाँ / Seating Arrangement and Puzzles, दिशा एवं दूरी / Direction and Distance, गणितीय संक्रियाएँ एवं लुप्त संख्या / Mathematical Operations and Missing Numbers, कैलेंडर एवं घड़ी / Calendar and Clock, Clock, घन, पासा एवं आकृतियों की गिनती / Cubes, Dice and Figure Counting, आँकड़ों की पर्याप्तता एवं निर्णय क्षमता / Data Sufficiency and Decision Making, वर्णमाला एवं संख्या परीक्षण / Alphabet and Number Test, Crypt Arithmetic, वेन आरेख, न्याय वाक्य एवं असमानता / Venn Diagrams, Syllogism and Inequalities, Data Arrangement, Inequality, सादृश्यता एवं वर्गीकरण / Analogy and Classification, क्रम एवं रैंकिंग / Order and Ranking, TCS NQT Advanced Reasoning Ability
  4. Section A: Arithmetical & Numerical Ability: अनुपात और समानुपात / Ratio and Proportion, Divisibility Rules, आँकड़ा निर्वचन / Data Interpretation, मिश्रण और एलिगेशन / Mixture and Alligation, Permutation and Combination, Logarithm, संख्या पद्धति / Number System, महत्तम समापवर्तक और लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य / HCF and LCM, Sequence and Series (Series), समय, चाल और दूरी / Time, Speed and Distance, प्रतिशत / Percentage, औसत / Average, लाभ, हानि और बट्टा / Profit, Loss and Discount, साधारण और चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज / Simple and Compound Interest, समय और कार्य / Time and Work, Pipe and Cistern, घन क्षेत्रमिति / Solid Mensuration, सरलीकरण, घातांक और करणी / Simplification, Indices and Surds, Algebra, Probability, Mental Ability, Age Problems, Partnership, Statistics, Arithmetic, Speed Mathematics and Basic Mathematics, Miscellaneous
  5. Section A: English Language & Comprehension: Vocabulary, Subject Verb Agreement (Verb Noun Agreement), Adjectives, Verbs and Tenses, Reading Comprehension, Parts of Speech, Sentence Construction, Prepositions and Conjunctions, Direct and Indirect Speech, Sentence Completion (Fill in the blanks), Sentence Structure and Common Errors, Modals, Transformation of Sentences, Sentence Correction (Error Correction), Adverb, Conjunction, Cloze Test (Cloze Passage)
  6. Section A: Hindi Language & Comprehension: भाषा, लिपि और वर्ण, वर्तनी, वर्ण-विन्यास, अनुस्वार, अनुनासिक, चंद्रबिंदु और ‘र’ के रूप, शब्द, पद और शब्द-भेद, संज्ञा और सर्वनाम, पद-भेद और रूप-विकार, लिंग, वचन, पुरुष और कारक, काल, वाच्य, वाक्य और वाक्य-भेद, संधि, समास, विलोम शब्द, पर्यायवाची शब्द, सामान्य अशुद्धियाँ, अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द, शब्द-भंडार, अपठित बोध, Multi-Topic Content (Cross-Concept Material), वर्णमाला
  7. Section B: Programming, Data Structures, OOP & Java: C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling, Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, Java, OOPS with C++, Language Design, Intro to Compilers, Visual Basics, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Object Oriented Technology
  8. Section B: Computer Networks, TCP/IP & Network Security: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Error Control, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics, Network Access Technologies, Network Security, Society, Law & Ethics, Mobile Computing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Cyber Safety and Security
  9. Section B: Teaching Methodology: वृद्धि और विकास / Growth and Development, Concept of Pedagogy, विकास के सिद्धांत / Theories of Development, समावेशी शिक्षा / Inclusive Education, Experiential Pedagogy, आकलन और मूल्यांकन / Assessment and Evaluation, समाजीकरण और जेंडर / Socialisation and Gender, National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, संज्ञानात्मक प्रक्रियाएँ / Cognitive Processes, शिक्षण योजना और शिक्षण कौशल / Teaching Planning and Teaching Skills, Personality Development, शिक्षण विधियाँ / Teaching Methods, अधिगम और व्यवहारवादी सिद्धांत / Learning and Behavioural Theories, Learners & Learning Process, Factors Affecting Teaching, शिक्षण विधियाँ एवं उपागम / Teaching Methods and Approaches, शिक्षण-अधिगम प्रक्रिया एवं कक्षा प्रबंधन / Teaching-Learning Process and Classroom Management, शिक्षण सहायक सामग्री एवं शैक्षिक तकनीकी / Teaching Aids and Educational Technology, सूक्ष्म शिक्षण एवं कक्षा संप्रेषण / Microteaching and Classroom Communication, आकलन एवं मूल्यांकन / Assessment and Evaluation, पाठ्यचर्या, कला एवं सह-शैक्षिक क्षेत्र / Curriculum, Arts and Co-curricular Areas, दिव्यांग बच्चों की शिक्षा / Education of Children with Disabilities, शिक्षक: गुण, व्यावसायिक नैतिकता एवं विकास / Teacher: Qualities, Professional Ethics and Development
  10. Section B: Digital Electronics / Boolean Logic: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Logic Gates & Hardware, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation, Analog-Digital Conversion
  11. Section B: Operating Systems & Linux: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Threads & Process Creation, Deadlock, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, File Management, Disc Scheduling, Unix OS, Linux OS, Distributed Systems, Windows OS
  12. Section B: Data Base Management System: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, Relational Algebra, SQL, File Organization & Indexing, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Database Security & Authorization, Database Recovery, Data Warehousing & Mining
  13. Section B: Internet & Web Technologies: Website, Browser & Services, Internet Fundamentals, Web Design & Development, Protocols & Services, Web Publishing & Hosting, Server Side & Security, HTML Basics, CSS, Emerging Technologies, JavaScript-Basics, .Net Programming, Electronic Data Interchange and E-Commerce, XML
  14. Section B: Computer Fundamentals, IT Basics & Architecture: Basics of COA, Cache Memory Organization, Input Output Organisation, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Control Unit Design, Programming the Basic Computer, Terms & Abbreviations, MS Office Applications, Instr Formats & Modes, Floating Point Rep, कंप्यूटर के मूल सिद्धांत / Computer Fundamentals, साइबर सुरक्षा / Cyber Safety and Security, कंप्यूटर सॉफ़्टवेयर / Computer Software, ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम / Operating System, वर्ड प्रोसेसिंग (MS Word) / Word Processing (MS Word), कंप्यूटर नेटवर्क / Computer Networks, प्रेज़ेंटेशन (MS PowerPoint) / Presentation Software (MS PowerPoint)
  15. Section B: Python Language: Introduction to Python, Tokens, Variables, Data Types, I/O, Operators & Expressions, Control Flow & Looping, Collections & Strings, Functions & Modules, File Handling & Data Analysis
  16. Section B: Software Engineering: Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Testing, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management, extras, Fundamentals of Systems and Information Systems
  17. Section B: Design & Analysis of Algorithms: Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos, Advanced Algorithms
  18. Section B: Mathematics: Linear Algebra, Calculus, Trigonometry, Vectors, Set Theory, Functions, Relations, Propositional and Predicate Logic, Research Process Steps, Graph Theory, समुच्चय, संबंध, फलन और विविक्त गणित / Sets, Relations, Functions and Discrete Mathematics, संख्या पद्धति और संख्या सिद्धांत / Number Systems and Number Theory, यूक्लिडीय ज्यामिति और क्षेत्रमिति / Euclidean Geometry and Mensuration, सांख्यिकी और प्रायिकता / Statistics and Probability, निर्देशांक ज्यामिति, सदिश और त्रिविमीय ज्यामिति / Coordinate Geometry, Vectors and 3D Geometry, बहुपद, समीकरण और सम्मिश्र संख्याएँ / Polynomials, Equations and Complex Numbers, समतल क्षेत्रमिति / Plane Mensuration, प्रतिचयन / Sampling
  19. Section B: Computer Graphics, Multimedia & Mobile Computing: Basics of Computer Graphics, 2-D Geometrical Transforms and Viewing, 3-D Object Representation, Geometric Transformations and Viewing, Multimedia
  20. Section B: Emerging Trends: Emerging Tech Trends, Knowledge Representation, Natural Language Processing, व्यापार, विपणन एवं उपभोक्ता संरक्षण / Trade, Marketing and Consumer Protection
  21. DSSSB Previous Year Paper:
  22. Business Studies and Management: Business Communication, प्रबंध के सिद्धांत एवं कार्य / Principles and Functions of Management, लेखांकन के आधार एवं लेन-देनों का अभिलेखन / Accounting Fundamentals and Recording of Transactions, Business Economics, ह्रास, अंतिम खाते व कंप्यूटरीकृत लेखांकन / Depreciation, Final Accounts and Computerised Accounting, Knowledge Management & New Economy
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The video lecture provides a detailed academic overview of Robert Gagné's instructional design theories, specifically focusing on two major frameworks: the 'Nine Events of Instruction' and the 'Hierarchy of Learning.' The instructor begins by introducing the Nine Events, explaining that instruction is most effective when it aligns with the internal cognitive processes of learners. She presents a slide listing the nine sequential events, which serve as a lesson blueprint. The lecture then transitions into a detailed table that maps each instructional event to a specific cognitive process, such as 'Receptivity' or 'Semantic Encoding,' providing concrete examples for teaching strategies. Following this, the instructor shifts to Gagné's Hierarchy of Learning, displaying a pyramid diagram that categorizes learning into eight levels. She distinguishes between the 'Behavioural Aspect' (lower levels) and the 'Cognitive Aspect' (higher levels), explaining each level from simple signal learning to complex problem-solving with specific examples like Pavlovian conditioning and operant conditioning.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The video opens with a slide titled 'Gagné's Nine Events of Instruction (Robert Gagné).' The instructor introduces the core idea displayed on the screen: 'Instruction is most effective when designed to follow nine instructional events that align with internal cognitive processes of learners.' She emphasizes using these nine events as a 'lesson blueprint.' The slide lists the nine events numerically: 1. Gain attention (stimulus), 2. Inform learners of objectives (expectations), 3. Stimulate recall of prior learning (activate schema), 4. Present the content (instructional information), 5. Provide learning guidance (cues, examples), 6. Elicit performance (practice), 7. Provide feedback (corrective), 8. Assess performance (evaluation), and 9. Enhance retention & transfer (generalization, varied practice). The instructor gestures towards the list, setting the stage for a deeper dive into each event. She notes that these events are designed to align with internal cognitive processes.

  2. 2:00 – 5:00 02:00-05:00

    The presentation moves to a detailed table breaking down the first four events of instruction. The table columns include 'Event of Instruction,' 'Cognitive Process Involved,' 'Explanation,' 'Purpose / Learner's Internal Process,' and 'Example in Teaching.' For Event 1, 'Gain Attention,' the cognitive process is 'Receptivity / Sensory Register,' with the explanation that 'Learner's sensory memory is activated; attention is focused on stimulus.' The example given is to 'Ask a thought-provoking question, show a surprising fact/video.' For Event 2, 'Inform Learners of Objectives,' the process is 'Expectation / Goal Setting,' where the learner develops expectancy. The example is telling learners, 'By end of class, you will be able to solve XYZ...' Event 3, 'Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning,' involves 'Retrieval from Long-Term Memory' to connect old with new knowledge. The example is 'Ask students to recall a related concept.' Event 4, 'Present the Content,' involves 'Selective Perception & Encoding,' where the learner perceives and encodes new material into working memory. The example includes 'Lecture, reading, video, demonstration.'

  3. 5:00 – 10:00 05:00-10:00

    The instructor continues with the table, covering events 5 through 9. Event 5, 'Provide Learning Guidance,' corresponds to 'Semantic Encoding,' helping in deeper understanding by organizing knowledge with cues and strategies. The example suggests using 'mnemonics, diagrams, step-by-step demonstrations.' Event 6, 'Elicit Performance (Practice),' involves 'Responding / Rehearsal,' where the learner practices to strengthen memory traces. The example is to 'Solve problems, practice exercises.' Event 7, 'Provide Feedback,' is linked to 'Reinforcement & Correction,' where the cognitive system adjusts responses. The example is 'Teacher comments on answers immediately.' Event 8, 'Assess Performance,' involves 'Retrieval & Reinforcement' to check if objectives are achieved, using 'Quizzes, tests, practicals.' Finally, Event 9, 'Enhance Retention & Transfer,' involves 'Generalization & Transfer,' where the learner applies learning to new situations. The example is to 'Assign projects, real-world case studies.'

  4. 10:00 – 14:39 10:00-14:39

    The topic shifts to 'Gagné's Hierarchy of Learning,' displayed as a pyramid diagram with eight levels. The instructor explains that the lowest four orders focus on the 'Behavioural Aspect,' while the highest four focus on the 'Cognitive Aspect.' She details the levels starting from the bottom: 1. Signal Learning (classical conditioning, Pavlov), 2. Stimulus-Response Learning (operant conditioning, Skinner), 3. Chaining (linking S-R bonds), 4. Verbal Association (chaining applied to verbal units). Moving up, 5. Discrimination Learning (making different responses to similar stimuli), 6. Concept Learning (responding to classes of stimuli), 7. Rule Learning (combining concepts to form rules), and 8. Problem Solving (applying rules to new situations). The instructor shows text slides with specific examples for each level, such as 'Dog salivates at bell sound' for Signal Learning, 'Pressing lever for food' for Stimulus-Response, 'Learning to ride a bicycle' for Chaining, and 'Newton's law' for Rule Learning. She emphasizes that mastering lower levels is a prerequisite for higher ones. She also highlights the distinction between the 'Behavioural Aspect' (lowest four orders) and the 'Cognitive Aspect' (highest four orders) on the pyramid diagram.

The lecture effectively bridges instructional design theory with cognitive psychology. By first outlining the Nine Events of Instruction, the instructor provides a practical framework for structuring a lesson to maximize cognitive engagement. The subsequent explanation of the Hierarchy of Learning offers a theoretical foundation, categorizing learning types from simple reflexes to complex problem-solving. The combination of these two models allows educators to understand not just how to teach (the events) but what kind of learning is occurring at different levels of complexity (the hierarchy). The use of concrete examples, such as Pavlov's dogs and riding a bicycle, helps ground abstract psychological concepts in relatable scenarios, making the material accessible for students preparing for exams in educational psychology or instructional design.

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