Microprogrammed Control Unit

Duration: 7 min

This video lesson is available to enrolled students.

Return to /learn/DSSSB-TGT-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-COMPLETE-COURSE/computer-systems-architecture/control-unit-design/hardwired-microprogrammed-cu/asset-microprogrammed-control-unit after enrolling

Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. About Course: About the Course
  2. Section A: General Awareness: Polity, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Static General Knowledge, History, Geography, Indian Economy, GK- Current Affairs, Evolution of Indian Banking (Banking & Financial Awareness), Environment
  3. Section A: General Intelligence & Reasoning ability: Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Data Sufficiency, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Analytical Reasoning (Counting Figures Reasoning), Blood Relations, Syllogisms, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Seating Arrangements, Directions (Direction Test), Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Calendar, Clock, Cubes & Dices, Selection Decision Table (Decision Making), Logical Sequence Of Words, Crypt Arithmetic, Venn Diagram, Data Arrangement, Inequality, Analogy, Ranking, Order and Sequence, TCS NQT Advanced Reasoning Ability
  4. Section A: Arithmetical & Numerical Ability: Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Divisibility Rules, Data Interpretation, Mixture and Alligation, Permutation and Combination, Logarithm, Number System, HCF LCM, Sequence and Series (Series), Speed Time and Distance, Percentage, Average, Profit and Loss, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Time and Work, Pipe and Cistern, Mensuration and Geometry, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Algebra, Probability, Mental Ability, Age Problems, Partnership, Statistics, Arithmetic, Speed Mathematics and Basic Mathematics, Miscellaneous
  5. Section A: English Language & Comprehension: Vocabulary, Subject Verb Agreement (Verb Noun Agreement), Adjectives, Tenses, Comprehension / Reading Comprehension / Unseen Passages (Critical Reasoning) (Paragraph Questions), Articles, Sentence Construction, Preposition, Direct and Indirect Speech, Sentence Completion (Fill in the blanks), Sentence Re-arrangements (Para Jumbles) (Narrative Sequencing), Modals, Active Passive Voice (Voice), Sentence Correction (Error Correction), Adverb, Conjunction, Cloze Test (Cloze Passage)
  6. Section A: Hindi Language & Comprehension: भाषा, लिपि, ध्वनि, वर्ण, अक्षर, स्वर, व्यंजन, मात्रा और संयुक्ताक्षर, वर्तनी, वर्ण-विन्यास, अनुस्वार, अनुनासिक, चंद्रबिंदु और ‘र’ के रूप, शब्द, पद और शब्द-भेद, संज्ञा और सर्वनाम, विशेषण और क्रिया, लिंग, वचन, पुरुष और कारक, काल, वाच्य, वाक्य और वाक्य-भेद, संधि, समास, विलोम शब्द, पर्यायवाची शब्द, सामान्य अशुद्धियाँ, अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द, मुहावरे और लोकोक्तियाँ, अपठित गद्यांश और अपठित पद्यांश, Multi-Topic Content (Cross-Concept Material), वर्णमाला
  7. Section B: Programming, Data Structures, OOP & Java: C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling, Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, Java, OOPS with C++, Language Design, Intro to Compilers, Visual Basics, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Object Oriented Technology
  8. Section B: Computer Networks, TCP/IP & Network Security: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Error Control, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics, Network Access Technologies, Network Security, Society, Law & Ethics, Mobile Computing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Cyber Safety and Security
  9. Section B: Teaching Methodology: Child Development, Concept of Pedagogy, Theories, Inclusive Education, Experiential Pedagogy, Assessment & Evaluation, Curriculum Framework & Reforms, National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, Psychology, Teaching-Learning Process, Personality Development, Teaching Methods & Strategies, Learning and Motivation, Learners & Learning Process, Factors Affecting Teaching, Methods of Teaching, Nature, Objectives & Characteristics of Teaching, Teaching-Learning Aids & ICT Integration, Classroom Management & Communication, Evaluation, Assessment & Measurement, Curriculum & School Environment, Inclusive Education & Special Needs, Professional Development & Ethics
  10. Section B: Digital Electronics / Boolean Logic: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Logic Gates & Hardware, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation, Analog-Digital Conversion
  11. Section B: Operating Systems & Linux: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Threads & Process Creation, Deadlock, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, File Management, Disc Scheduling, Unix OS, Linux OS, Distributed Systems, Windows OS
  12. Section B: Data Base Management System: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, Relational Algebra, SQL, File Organization & Indexing, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Database Security & Authorization, Database Recovery, Data Warehousing & Mining
  13. Section B: Internet & Web Technologies: Website, Browser & Services, Internet Fundamentals, Web Design & Development, Protocols & Services, Web Publishing & Hosting, Server Side & Security, HTML Basics, CSS, Emerging Technologies, JavaScript-Basics, .Net Programming, Electronic Data Interchange and E-Commerce, XML
  14. Section B: Computer Fundamentals, IT Basics & Architecture: Basics of COA, Cache Memory Organization, Input Output Organisation, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Control Unit Design, Programming the Basic Computer, Terms & Abbreviations, MS Office Applications, Instr Formats & Modes, Floating Point Rep
  15. Section B: Python Language: Introduction to Python, Tokens, Variables, Data Types, I/O, Operators & Expressions, Control Flow & Looping, Collections & Strings, Functions & Modules, File Handling & Data Analysis
  16. Section B: Software Engineering: Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Testing, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management, extras, Fundamentals of Systems and Information Systems
  17. Section B: Design & Analysis of Algorithms: Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos, Advanced Algorithms
  18. Section B: Mathematics: Linear Algebra, Calculus, Trigonometry, Vectors, Set Theory, Functions, Relations, Propositional and Predicate Logic, Research Process Steps, Graph Theory
  19. Section B: Computer Graphics, Multimedia & Mobile Computing: Basics of Computer Graphics, 2-D Geometrical Transforms and Viewing, 3-D Object Representation, Geometric Transformations and Viewing, Multimedia
  20. Section B: Emerging Trends: Emerging Tech Trends, Knowledge Representation, Natural Language Processing
  21. DSSSB Previous Year Paper:
  22. Business Studies and Management: Business Communication, Business Organization and Management, Financial Accounting, Business Economics, Management Information System (MIS), Knowledge Management & New Economy
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

This educational video provides a comprehensive lecture on Micro-Programmed Control Units, beginning with their historical introduction by Maurice Wilkes in 1951. The instructor explains that microprogramming serves as an intermediate level to execute computer program instructions, organizing outputs as sequences of microinstructions stored in special control memory. The lecture then transitions to a detailed comparison of Horizontal and Vertical micro-programming. Horizontal micro-programming is described as offering a higher degree of parallelism suitable for multi-processor systems, utilizing a control word where each bit directly corresponds to a control signal. Conversely, Vertical micro-programming is presented as a method that reduces control word size through encoding, though it limits parallelism to a maximum of one due to the decoder mechanism. The session concludes by noting that combinational units combining these approaches are preferred in most applications.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The lecture begins with a slide titled 'Micro-Programmed Control Unit'. The instructor introduces the concept, highlighting that the idea was introduced by Maurice Wilkes in 1951 as an intermediate level to execute computer program instructions. He underlines key phrases on the slide, including 'Maurice Wilkes', '1951', 'intermediate level', and 'microinstructions'. The text explains that microprograms are organized as a sequence of microinstructions stored in special control memory. The instructor emphasizes the main advantage: the simplicity of the structure, noting that outputs are organized in microinstructions and can be easily replaced. He further explains that binary patterns of control signals are stored in control memory, and hardware is used to generate the control signals after accessing a word from the memory.

  2. 2:00 – 5:00 02:00-05:00

    The topic shifts to 'Horizontal micro-Program'. The slide states that horizontal micro-programming provides a higher degree of parallelism and is suitable for multi-processor systems. A critical point highlighted is that it requires more bits for the control word, specifically '1 bit for every control signal'. The instructor draws a diagram illustrating this architecture. He sketches a control memory grid where rows represent microinstructions. He shows a Control Data Register (CDR) holding the control word, which is then fed into logic gates (AND gates) to generate specific control signals like ALU operations, register transfers, and memory control. The diagram visually demonstrates the direct mapping where a single '1' in the control word activates a specific hardware component without decoding.

  3. 5:00 – 7:08 05:00-07:08

    The lecture moves to 'Vertical Micro-program'. The slide explains that this method reduces the size of control words by encoding control signal patterns before storage. It offers more flexibility than horizontal micro-programming but has a maximum degree of parallelism of 1 due to the decoder. The instructor draws a diagram showing a 3x8 decoder. He illustrates how a 3-bit encoded input (e.g., 001, 010) selects one of the 8 output lines, which then activates a specific control signal. This contrasts with the horizontal approach. Finally, a 'Conclusion' slide appears, stating that the combinational Horizontal micro-Program and Vertical Micro-program controlled unit is preferred in most applications. The instructor underlines 'Horizontal micro-Program', 'Vertical Micro-program', and 'most application' to reinforce the final takeaway.

The video systematically builds an understanding of control unit design, starting from the foundational concept of microprogramming introduced in 1951. It effectively contrasts two primary implementation strategies: Horizontal and Vertical micro-programming. The horizontal approach prioritizes speed and parallelism by dedicating bits directly to signals, resulting in wider control words. In contrast, the vertical approach prioritizes compactness by encoding signals, which necessitates decoding and limits parallel execution. The synthesis of these concepts leads to the conclusion that modern systems often utilize a combinational approach, leveraging the benefits of both methods to optimize performance and flexibility in computer architecture.

Loading lesson…