Congestion Window

Duration: 3 min

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Module outline

  1. Quantitative Aptitude: Number System, Divisibility Rules, HCF LCM, Percentage, Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Average, Profit and Loss, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Mixture and Alligation, Partnership, Age Problems, Time and Work, Pipe and Cistern, Speed Time and Distance, Algebra, Arithmetic, Data Interpretation, Sequence and Series (Series), Logarithm, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Permutation and Combination, Probability, Speed Mathematics and Basic Mathematics, Trigonometry
  2. Logical Reasoning: Coding Decoding, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Ranking, Order and Sequence, Seating Arrangements, Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Data Arrangement, Syllogisms, Inequality, Data Sufficiency, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Logical Deduction and Induction) (Prepositional Reasoning), Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Venn Diagram, Logical Sequence Of Words, Calendar, Clock, Cubes & Dices, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning)
  3. Verbal Ability: Noun, Pronoun, Adjectives, Verb, Adverb, Tenses, Subject Verb Agreement (Verb Noun Agreement), Articles, Preposition, Conjunction, Modals, Determiner, Vocabulary, Comprehension / Reading Comprehension / Unseen Passages (Critical Reasoning) (Paragraph Questions), Cloze Test (Cloze Passage), Sentence Correction (Error Correction), Sentence Completion (Fill in the blanks), Sentence Re-arrangements (Para Jumbles) (Narrative Sequencing), Active Passive Voice (Voice), Direct and Indirect Speech, Sentence Construction
  4. Data Structures (Domain Test): Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing
  5. Algorithms (Domain Test):
  6. OOPs (Domain Test): Object Oriented Programming (OOPS)
  7. DBMS (Domain Test): Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, Database Recovery, ORDBMS, Database Security & Authorization, Query Processing & Optimization, Enhanced Data Models, Data Warehousing & Mining, Big Data Systems, NoSQL
  8. SQL (Domain Test): SQL
  9. Operating Systems (Domain Test): Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Deadlock, Threads & Process Creation, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Windows OS, Linux OS, Security, Distributed Systems, Virtual Machines
  10. Computer Networks (Domain Test): Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Framing, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics, Network Security, Cloud Computing and IoT, Cyber and Info Security
  11. Coding: Coding Questions by Yash Sir, C Programming by Yash Sir, Programming in C++, Java, Python for Placements by Yash Sir
  12. Written English Test: English Writing Ability
  13. Psychometric Test: Behavioral Assessment (Behavioral Competency Profiling) (Psychometric Test)
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The lecture introduces TCP flow control and congestion control by explaining the two windows used in each direction of data transfer: the send window and the receive window. The instructor, wearing a black "KG KNOWLEDGE" polo shirt, presents slides titled "Windows in TCP" and "Congestion Window." The core teaching point is that the sender window size is determined by two factors: the receiver window size and the congestion window size. A hand-drawn diagram with nodes labeled S, N, and R is annotated step by step to illustrate the data flow between sender, network, and receiver. The instructor emphasizes that a sender must not send data greater than the congestion window size to avoid dropping TCP segments and causing retransmissions. The key formula presented is: Sender window size = Minimum (Receiver window size, Congestion window size). The congestion window is known only to the sender and is not sent over the links, with different TCP variants using different approaches to calculate its size.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The slide headed "Windows in TCP" states that "TCP uses two windows (send window and receive window) for each direction of data transfer." Under the "Send Window" heading, the slide lists "Receiver window size and Congestion window size," both underlined in red. A hand-drawn diagram below uses red circles labeled N and R, green and blue arrows, and handwritten labels such as "3.5KB," "16 KB," and "14B." At 45s, the slide briefly shows a "Receive Window" section with red underlines and a small red arrow on lines about not exceeding the receiver window size. From 55s, the slide returns to "Windows in TCP," and the diagram gains S, R, and N nodes joined by arrows, where the R boxes are circled and crossed out in red. The instructor shifts his gaze between the camera and the slide while annotating the diagram step by step.

  2. 2:00 – 3:24 02:00-03:24

    The focus shifts to the "Congestion Window" slide. The instructor explains that a sender should not send data greater than the congestion window size, otherwise it leads to dropping TCP segments which causes TCP retransmission. The text on screen states: "So, sender should always send data less than or equal to congestion window size." It also notes that different variants of TCP use different approaches to calculate the size of the congestion window, and that the congestion window is known only to the sender and is not sent over the links. A formula is shown with a red arrow pointing to the word "Minimum": "In general, Sender window size = Minimum (Receiver window size, Congestion window size)." Red underlines emphasize key terms like "congestion window size," "TCP segments," and "TCP Retransmission."

The lecture builds a clear progression from the general concept of TCP windows to the specific rule governing sender behavior. First, it establishes that TCP uses two windows per direction: send and receive. Then it identifies the two determinants of the sender window size: receiver window size (flow control) and congestion window size (congestion control). The hand-drawn diagram with S, N, and R nodes visually anchors the sender-network-receiver relationship. The critical takeaway is the formula: Sender window size = Minimum (Receiver window size, Congestion window size). The instructor stresses that exceeding the congestion window causes segment drops and retransmissions, so senders must always stay at or below that limit. The congestion window is sender-local and not transmitted over the network, with calculation methods varying by TCP variant. This distinction between flow control (receiver-driven) and congestion control (sender-driven, network-aware) is the central pedagogical goal.

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