WHAT IS FUNCTIONS

Duration: 9 min

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Module outline

  1. About the Course: About the Course
  2. Section 1 | Language (Hindi): भाषा, लिपि, ध्वनि, वर्ण, अक्षर, स्वर, व्यंजन, मात्रा और संयुक्ताक्षर, वर्तनी, वर्ण-विन्यास, अनुस्वार, अनुनासिक, चंद्रबिंदु और ‘र’ के रूप, शब्द, पद और शब्द-भेद, संज्ञा और सर्वनाम, विशेषण और क्रिया, लिंग, वचन, पुरुष और कारक, काल, वाच्य, वाक्य और वाक्य-भेद, संधि, समास, विलोम शब्द, पर्यायवाची शब्द, सामान्य अशुद्धियाँ, अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द, मुहावरे और लोकोक्तियाँ, अपठित गद्यांश और अपठित पद्यांश, Multi-Topic Content (Cross-Concept Material), वर्णमाला
  3. Section 1 | Language (उर्दू भाषा — 22 प्रश्न (निश्चित)): Spelling & Diacritics, Grammar (اسم, فعل, صفت, ضمیر), Vocabulary, Idioms & Proverbs, Comprehension
  4. Section 1 | Language (বাংলা / बांग्ला भाषा — 22 प्रश्न (निश्चित)): Bangla Script and Sounds, Bangla Grammar and Usage, Bangla Word Formation and Vocabulary, Reading and Text Interpretation
  5. Section 1 | Language (English): Vocabulary, Noun, Subject Verb Agreement (Verb Noun Agreement), Adjectives, Tenses, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Articles, Determiner, Conjunction, Modals, Active Passive Voice (Voice), Direct and Indirect Speech, Sentence Correction (Error Correction), Sentence Completion (Fill in the blanks), Sentence Construction, Sentence Re-arrangements (Para Jumbles) (Narrative Sequencing), Comprehension / Reading Comprehension / Unseen Passages (Critical Reasoning) (Paragraph Questions), Cloze Test (Cloze Passage), Verbal Analogy (Word Based Analogy), Facts, Inference and Judgements
  6. Section 2 | Primary Maths & Reasoning: Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Divisibility Rules, Mixture and Alligation, Permutation and Combination, Number System, HCF LCM, Sequence and Series (Series), Speed Time and Distance, Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Percentage, Average, Profit and Loss, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Time and Work, Mensuration and Geometry, Age Problems, Arithmetic, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Algebra, Probability, Trigonometry, Syllogisms, Seating Arrangements, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Analytical Reasoning (Counting Figures Reasoning), Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Calendar, Clock, Cubes & Dices, Venn Diagram, Data Arrangement, Inequality, Analogy, Ranking, Order and Sequence
  7. Section 2 | General Awareness (GK + Current Affairs): Polity, Physics, Biology, State Wise GK, Chemistry, History, Geography, Indian Economy, Environment, GK- Current Affairs, Static General Knowledge
  8. Section 3 | Computer System and Org. (CSO): Basics of COA, Floating Point Rep, Cache Memory Organization, Instr Formats & Modes, Programming the Basic Computer, Input Output Organisation, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Control Unit Design
  9. Section 3 | Database Management System: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, SQL, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control
  10. Section 3 | Operating System: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Threads & Process Creation, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Process Synchronization
  11. Section 3 | Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics
  12. Section 3 | Data Structures: Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos
  13. Section 3 | Theory Of Computation & Compiler Design: Introduction to TOC, Deterministic FA (DFA), Non-Deterministic FA, Regular Expressions, Grammar, Regular Language Properties, Moore & Mealy Machines, Pushdown Automata & CFG, Turing Machines, Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization
  14. Section 3 | Emerging Trends (AI, Societal Ethics & MS Office): Artificial Intelligence, Emerging Tech Trends, Society, Law & Ethics, MS Office Applications
  15. Section 3 | Software Engineering: Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management, Software Testing
  16. Section 3 | C Programming: C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling
  17. Section 3 | OOPS, C++, JAVA, HTML: OOPS with C++, Java, HTML Basics, CSS
  18. Section 3 | Java: Java Fundamentals, Array, String, IO & References
  19. Section 3 | Python: Introduction to Python, Tokens, Variables, Data Types, I/O, Operators & Expressions, Control Flow & Looping, Collections & Strings, Functions & Modules, File Handling & Data Analysis
  20. Section 3 | Digital Electronics: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Logic Gates & Hardware, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation
  21. Section 3 | Multimedia: Multimedia
  22. BPSC Previous Year Papers:
  23. BPSC Full Mock Tests:
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The video provides a foundational lecture on functions in the C programming language. It begins by defining a function as a self-contained block of statements that performs a coherent task, using the analogy of hiring a person to do a specific job. The instructor explains the mechanism of "calling" a function, where control transfers from the calling function (typically main) to the called function and returns upon completion. The lesson covers the mandatory presence of the main function in every C program and demonstrates that the order of function definition does not dictate the order of execution. Finally, it distinguishes between library functions, which are pre-written and provided by the compiler, and user-defined functions created by the programmer. This lecture serves as an introduction to modular programming in C.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The video starts with a "Break" slide before transitioning to a slide titled "1 – What is a Function". The instructor introduces the concept by stating, "Knowingly or unknowingly we rely on so many persons for so many things." He compares human reliance on others (like a mechanic or gardener) to a computer program's need for assistance. The slide text explains that a computer program "cannot handle all the tasks by itself" and instead "requests other program like entities—called ‘functions’ in C—to get its tasks done." This section establishes the conceptual basis for why functions are necessary in programming. The instructor emphasizes that even though man is an intelligent species, he "cannot perform all of life’s tasks all alone." He mentions that a program finds itself in a similar situation.

  2. 2:00 – 5:00 02:00-05:00

    The instructor presents a code example where main() calls message(). He explains that when main() calls message(), "control passes to the function message(). The activity of main() is temporarily suspended." He illustrates this with a red arrow pointing from message(); in main() to the message() definition. He then shows a more complex example where main() calls italy(), brazil(), and argentina(). He draws red circles around each function block to emphasize they are separate entities. He concludes this section by stating, "If a C program contains more than one function, then one (and only one) of these functions must be main(), because program execution always begins with main()." He also notes that "Any C program contains at least one function." He explains that if a program contains only one function, it must be main().

  3. 5:00 – 9:20 05:00-09:20

    The lecture addresses the order of function definitions. A code snippet shows main() calling message1() and message2(), but message2() is defined before message1(). The instructor circles the function blocks and states, "The order in which the functions are defined in a program and the order in which they get called need not necessarily be same." He then summarizes the two types of functions: "Library functions Ex. printf(), scanf() etc." and "User-defined functions Ex. argentina(), brazil() etc." He explains that library functions are "commonly required functions grouped together and stored in what is called a Library," written by compiler writers, whereas user-defined functions are created by the programmer. He adds that "The procedure of calling both types of functions is exactly same." He also mentions that "Almost always a compiler comes with a library of standard functions."

The lesson systematically builds an understanding of C functions from concept to implementation. It moves from the high-level analogy of outsourcing tasks to the technical details of control flow and function calls. By demonstrating that definition order is flexible and distinguishing between standard library and custom functions, the instructor provides a comprehensive overview of how functions structure a C program, preparing students for writing modular and efficient code. The progression from simple examples to more complex calls ensures a clear understanding of the core concepts.

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