Designing LL(1) Parser Part-2

Duration: 6 min

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Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. About the Course: About the Course
  2. Section 1 | Language (Hindi): भाषा, लिपि, ध्वनि, वर्ण, अक्षर, स्वर, व्यंजन, मात्रा और संयुक्ताक्षर, वर्तनी, वर्ण-विन्यास, अनुस्वार, अनुनासिक, चंद्रबिंदु और ‘र’ के रूप, शब्द, पद और शब्द-भेद, संज्ञा और सर्वनाम, विशेषण और क्रिया, लिंग, वचन, पुरुष और कारक, काल, वाच्य, वाक्य और वाक्य-भेद, संधि, समास, विलोम शब्द, पर्यायवाची शब्द, सामान्य अशुद्धियाँ, अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द, मुहावरे और लोकोक्तियाँ, अपठित गद्यांश और अपठित पद्यांश, Multi-Topic Content (Cross-Concept Material), वर्णमाला
  3. Section 1 | Language (उर्दू भाषा — 22 प्रश्न (निश्चित)): Spelling & Diacritics, Grammar (اسم, فعل, صفت, ضمیر), Vocabulary, Idioms & Proverbs, Comprehension
  4. Section 1 | Language (বাংলা / बांग्ला भाषा — 22 प्रश्न (निश्चित)): Bangla Script and Sounds, Bangla Grammar and Usage, Bangla Word Formation and Vocabulary, Reading and Text Interpretation
  5. Section 1 | Language (English): Vocabulary, Noun, Subject Verb Agreement (Verb Noun Agreement), Adjectives, Tenses, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Articles, Determiner, Conjunction, Modals, Active Passive Voice (Voice), Direct and Indirect Speech, Sentence Correction (Error Correction), Sentence Completion (Fill in the blanks), Sentence Construction, Sentence Re-arrangements (Para Jumbles) (Narrative Sequencing), Comprehension / Reading Comprehension / Unseen Passages (Critical Reasoning) (Paragraph Questions), Cloze Test (Cloze Passage), Verbal Analogy (Word Based Analogy), Facts, Inference and Judgements
  6. Section 2 | Primary Maths & Reasoning: Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Divisibility Rules, Mixture and Alligation, Permutation and Combination, Number System, HCF LCM, Sequence and Series (Series), Speed Time and Distance, Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Percentage, Average, Profit and Loss, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Time and Work, Mensuration and Geometry, Age Problems, Arithmetic, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Algebra, Probability, Trigonometry, Syllogisms, Seating Arrangements, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Analytical Reasoning (Counting Figures Reasoning), Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Calendar, Clock, Cubes & Dices, Venn Diagram, Data Arrangement, Inequality, Analogy, Ranking, Order and Sequence
  7. Section 2 | General Awareness (GK + Current Affairs): Polity, Physics, Biology, State Wise GK, Chemistry, History, Geography, Indian Economy, Environment, GK- Current Affairs, Static General Knowledge
  8. Section 3 | Computer System and Org. (CSO): Basics of COA, Floating Point Rep, Cache Memory Organization, Instr Formats & Modes, Programming the Basic Computer, Input Output Organisation, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Control Unit Design
  9. Section 3 | Database Management System: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, SQL, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control
  10. Section 3 | Operating System: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Threads & Process Creation, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Process Synchronization
  11. Section 3 | Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics
  12. Section 3 | Data Structures: Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos
  13. Section 3 | Theory Of Computation & Compiler Design: Introduction to TOC, Deterministic FA (DFA), Non-Deterministic FA, Regular Expressions, Grammar, Regular Language Properties, Moore & Mealy Machines, Pushdown Automata & CFG, Turing Machines, Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization
  14. Section 3 | Emerging Trends (AI, Societal Ethics & MS Office): Artificial Intelligence, Emerging Tech Trends, Society, Law & Ethics, MS Office Applications
  15. Section 3 | Software Engineering: Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management, Software Testing
  16. Section 3 | C Programming: C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling
  17. Section 3 | OOPS, C++, JAVA, HTML: OOPS with C++, Java, HTML Basics, CSS
  18. Section 3 | Java: Java Fundamentals, Array, String, IO & References
  19. Section 3 | Python: Introduction to Python, Tokens, Variables, Data Types, I/O, Operators & Expressions, Control Flow & Looping, Collections & Strings, Functions & Modules, File Handling & Data Analysis
  20. Section 3 | Digital Electronics: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Logic Gates & Hardware, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation
  21. Section 3 | Multimedia: Multimedia
  22. BPSC Previous Year Papers:
  23. BPSC Full Mock Tests:
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The video lecture provides a comprehensive guide to constructing a predictive parsing table for a context-free grammar used in compiler design. The instructor starts by presenting a standard arithmetic expression grammar involving addition, multiplication, parentheses, and identifiers. He demonstrates the critical step of eliminating left recursion to transform the grammar into a form suitable for LL(1) parsing. Following this transformation, he systematically calculates the First and Follow sets for all non-terminals, including E, E', T, T', and F. The core of the lecture involves filling out a parsing table based on these sets, placing production rules into specific cells determined by the terminal symbols. The instructor verifies that the resulting table is conflict-free, confirming the grammar's LL(1) property, which is essential for deterministic top-down parsing.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The instructor begins by writing the original grammar rules on the left side of the board: E -> E + T / T, T -> T * F / F, and F -> (E) / id. He explains the need to remove left recursion to make the grammar suitable for predictive parsing. He then writes the transformed grammar: E -> T E', E' -> + T E' / epsilon, T -> F T', T' -> * F T' / epsilon, and F -> (E) / id. Below this, he systematically calculates the First and Follow sets for each non-terminal. Visible sets include First(E) = {(, id}, Follow(E) = {$, )}, First(E') = {+, epsilon}, and Follow(E') = {$, )}. He also lists First(T) = {(, id}, Follow(T) = {+, *, ), $}, First(T') = {*, epsilon}, Follow(T') = {+, *, ), $}, First(F) = {(, id}, and Follow(F) = {+, *, ), $}. He then begins the process of constructing the parsing table by identifying the terminals +, *, (, ), id, and $. He places the production E -> T E' into the cells corresponding to the First set of E, which are ( and id.

  2. 2:00 – 5:00 02:00-05:00

    The instructor proceeds to fill the remaining cells of the parsing table. For the non-terminal E', he places the production E' -> + T E' in the column for the terminal +. He then places the epsilon production E' -> epsilon in the columns corresponding to the Follow set of E', which are ) and $. Moving to the row for T, he places T -> F T' in the ( and id columns, matching the First set of T. For the non-terminal T', he places T' -> * F T' in the * column. He then fills the epsilon production T' -> epsilon into the columns for +, *, ), and $, which correspond to the Follow set of T'. Finally, for the row F, he places F -> (E) in the ( column and F -> id in the id column.

  3. 5:00 – 6:18 05:00-06:18

    The instructor completes the final entries in the parsing table, ensuring that all epsilon productions are correctly mapped to the Follow sets of their respective non-terminals. He reviews the entire table, pointing out that every cell contains at most one production rule. He states that the absence of conflicts in the table confirms that the grammar is LL(1). He explains that this property allows the parser to make deterministic decisions without backtracking. He concludes the lecture by summarizing the importance of the predictive parsing table in compiler construction.

This lecture connects grammar transformation with parsing table construction. By removing left recursion and calculating First and Follow sets, the instructor shows how to build a predictive parsing table. The final conflict-free table demonstrates that the grammar is LL(1), allowing for efficient parsing without backtracking. This process is fundamental for understanding how compilers analyze and translate source code.

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