Gate 2018

Duration: 4 min

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Inside: a video lesson and guided study material.

Module outline

  1. About the Course: About the Course
  2. Section 1 | Language (Hindi): भाषा, लिपि, ध्वनि, वर्ण, अक्षर, स्वर, व्यंजन, मात्रा और संयुक्ताक्षर, वर्तनी, वर्ण-विन्यास, अनुस्वार, अनुनासिक, चंद्रबिंदु और ‘र’ के रूप, शब्द, पद और शब्द-भेद, संज्ञा और सर्वनाम, विशेषण और क्रिया, लिंग, वचन, पुरुष और कारक, काल, वाच्य, वाक्य और वाक्य-भेद, संधि, समास, विलोम शब्द, पर्यायवाची शब्द, सामान्य अशुद्धियाँ, अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द, मुहावरे और लोकोक्तियाँ, अपठित गद्यांश और अपठित पद्यांश, Multi-Topic Content (Cross-Concept Material), वर्णमाला
  3. Section 1 | Language (उर्दू भाषा — 22 प्रश्न (निश्चित)): Spelling & Diacritics, Grammar (اسم, فعل, صفت, ضمیر), Vocabulary, Idioms & Proverbs, Comprehension
  4. Section 1 | Language (বাংলা / बांग्ला भाषा — 22 प्रश्न (निश्चित)): Bangla Script and Sounds, Bangla Grammar and Usage, Bangla Word Formation and Vocabulary, Reading and Text Interpretation
  5. Section 1 | Language (English): Vocabulary, Noun, Subject Verb Agreement (Verb Noun Agreement), Adjectives, Tenses, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Articles, Determiner, Conjunction, Modals, Active Passive Voice (Voice), Direct and Indirect Speech, Sentence Correction (Error Correction), Sentence Completion (Fill in the blanks), Sentence Construction, Sentence Re-arrangements (Para Jumbles) (Narrative Sequencing), Comprehension / Reading Comprehension / Unseen Passages (Critical Reasoning) (Paragraph Questions), Cloze Test (Cloze Passage), Verbal Analogy (Word Based Analogy), Facts, Inference and Judgements
  6. Section 2 | Primary Maths & Reasoning: Ratio and Proportion (Ratios), Divisibility Rules, Mixture and Alligation, Permutation and Combination, Number System, HCF LCM, Sequence and Series (Series), Speed Time and Distance, Series (Number and Letter Series) (Numerical Relations and Reasoning), Coding Decoding, Non Verbal Reasoning (Spatial Aptitude) (Spatial Reasoning) (Visual Reasoning), Percentage, Average, Profit and Loss, Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Time and Work, Mensuration and Geometry, Age Problems, Arithmetic, Powers and Exponents (Surds and Indices), Algebra, Probability, Trigonometry, Syllogisms, Seating Arrangements, Blood Relations, Directions (Direction Test), Analytical Reasoning (Counting Figures Reasoning), Puzzle Solving (Puzzles), Calendar, Clock, Cubes & Dices, Venn Diagram, Data Arrangement, Inequality, Analogy, Ranking, Order and Sequence
  7. Section 2 | General Awareness (GK + Current Affairs): Polity, Physics, Biology, State Wise GK, Chemistry, History, Geography, Indian Economy, Environment, GK- Current Affairs, Static General Knowledge
  8. Section 3 | Computer System and Org. (CSO): Basics of COA, Floating Point Rep, Cache Memory Organization, Instr Formats & Modes, Programming the Basic Computer, Input Output Organisation, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Control Unit Design
  9. Section 3 | Database Management System: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, SQL, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control
  10. Section 3 | Operating System: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Threads & Process Creation, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Process Synchronization
  11. Section 3 | Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics
  12. Section 3 | Data Structures: Introduction to DS, Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List, Tree, Graphs, Hashing, Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos
  13. Section 3 | Theory Of Computation & Compiler Design: Introduction to TOC, Deterministic FA (DFA), Non-Deterministic FA, Regular Expressions, Grammar, Regular Language Properties, Moore & Mealy Machines, Pushdown Automata & CFG, Turing Machines, Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization
  14. Section 3 | Emerging Trends (AI, Societal Ethics & MS Office): Artificial Intelligence, Emerging Tech Trends, Society, Law & Ethics, MS Office Applications
  15. Section 3 | Software Engineering: Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Software Requirements and Quality Assurance, Software Design, Estimation and Metrics, Software Maintenance and Configuration Management, Software Testing
  16. Section 3 | C Programming: C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling
  17. Section 3 | OOPS, C++, JAVA, HTML: OOPS with C++, Java, HTML Basics, CSS
  18. Section 3 | Java: Java Fundamentals, Array, String, IO & References
  19. Section 3 | Python: Introduction to Python, Tokens, Variables, Data Types, I/O, Operators & Expressions, Control Flow & Looping, Collections & Strings, Functions & Modules, File Handling & Data Analysis
  20. Section 3 | Digital Electronics: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Logic Gates & Hardware, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation
  21. Section 3 | Multimedia: Multimedia
  22. BPSC Previous Year Papers:
  23. BPSC Full Mock Tests:
AI summary & chapters

AI Summary

An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.

The video analyzes a GATE 2018 question asking to identify a relational schema that is in 3NF but not in BCNF. The instructor reviews four schemas: Registration with set-valued courses, Registration with email, Registration with marks and grade, and Registration with credit. He evaluates primary keys and functional dependencies for each. He determines that Schema I violates 1NF due to multi-valued attributes. He finds Schema II satisfies 3NF but fails BCNF due to a dependency on a non-superkey. He identifies Schema III as violating 3NF due to transitive dependency. He identifies Schema IV as violating 2NF due to partial dependency. The final conclusion points to Schema II as the correct answer.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00

    The instructor begins by reading the problem statement visible on the slide: "Which one of the relational schemas above is in 3NF but not in BCNF?" He starts with Schema I: Registration (rollno, courses). He points out that the attribute 'courses' is a set-valued attribute. This typically violates First Normal Form (1NF). Although he briefly writes "BCNF" next to it, he dismisses it. He then shifts focus to Schema II: Registration (rollno, courseid, email). He identifies the primary key as the composite key (rollno, courseid). He lists the non-trivial functional dependencies: rollno, courseid -> email and email -> rollno. On the whiteboard, he writes (Rno, Cid) and (Cid, Email). He explains that while this schema satisfies 3NF conditions, the dependency email -> rollno violates BCNF because email is not a superkey. He marks "Schema 2" with a checkmark.

  2. 2:00 – 3:37 02:00-03:37

    Continuing the analysis, the instructor examines Schema III: Registration (rollno, courseid, marks, grade). He identifies the primary key as (rollno, courseid) and notes the dependencies rollno, courseid -> marks, grade and marks -> grade. He draws arrows to visualize the transitive dependency where marks determines grade. Since marks is a non-prime attribute determining another non-prime attribute, he labels this schema as "2NF", indicating it fails 3NF. Next, he analyzes Schema IV: Registration (rollno, courseid, credit). He identifies the primary key as (rollno, courseid) and lists dependencies rollno, courseid -> credit and courseid -> credit. He points out that courseid -> credit is a partial dependency because courseid is a proper subset of the primary key. He labels this schema "1NF". Finally, he confirms that Schema 2 is the only one satisfying the condition of being in 3NF but not BCNF.

The lecture demonstrates a methodical approach to database normalization problems by evaluating functional dependencies against normal form definitions. The instructor uses visual aids like arrows and handwritten notes to track keys and dependencies, effectively ruling out schemas that violate lower normal forms (1NF, 2NF) or BCNF constraints. The key takeaway is distinguishing between partial dependencies (violating 2NF), transitive dependencies (violating 3NF), and dependencies on non-superkeys (violating BCNF). The final conclusion reinforces that Schema 2 is the correct answer because it has a transitive dependency on a non-prime attribute (3NF) but also a dependency on a non-superkey (BCNF violation).

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