Converting a Grammar Into Deterministic Grammar
Duration: 4 min
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Module outline
- Discrete Mathematics: Permutation, Combination and Probability / क्रमचय, संचय एवं प्रायिकता, Set Theory, Relations, Functions, Propositional and Predicate Logic, Graph Theory, Group Theory
- Digital Logic: Digital Systems & Boolean Basics, Boolean Expression, Boolean Minimization, Logic Gates & Hardware, Combinational Circuit, Sequential Circuits, Number System, Number Representation, Floating Point Rep
- Computer Organization and Architecture: Basics of COA, Programming the Basic Computer, Cache Memory Organization, Input Output Organisation, Instr Formats & Modes, Register Transfer and Microoperations, Control Unit Design, Pipelining, Multiprocessors
- Programming: Language Design, C Fundamentals, Control Flow, Functions, Arrays & Pointers, Storage Classes, Structures & Enums, DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling, OOPS with C++
- Data Structures: Introduction to DS, Array, Linked List, Stack, Queue, Tree, Graphs, Hashing
- Algorithms: Algorithm Analysis, Time Complexity Analysis, Sorting Algorithms, Greedy Algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Minimum Spanning Trees, Shortest Path Algos, Advanced Algorithms
- Theory of Computation: Grammar, Regular Language Properties, Moore & Mealy Machines, Turing Machines
- Compiler Design: Intro to Compilers, Lexical Analysis, Grammar & CFG, Syntax Analysis: Top-Down, Syntax Analysis: Bottom-Up, Semantic Analysis & SDT, Intermediate Code Gen, Code Optimization, Run Time Environment, Introduction to TOC, Deterministic FA (DFA), Non-Deterministic FA, Regular Expressions, Pushdown Automata & CFG, Complexity Theory
- Operating Systems: Introduction to OS, Process Management, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Threads & Process Creation, Deadlock, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, Disc Scheduling, File Management, Unix OS, Linux OS, Security
- Database Management Systems: Basics of DBMS, ER Diagram, Relational Model & Functional Dependencies, Keys & Integrity Constraints, Normalization (1NF - BCNF), Decomposition Properties & 4NF, File Organization & Indexing, Relational Algebra, SQL, Relational Calculus, Transaction Management, Concurrency Control, ORDBMS, NoSQL
- Computer Networks: Introduction to CN, Data Communication, DLL: Access Control, DLL: Flow Control, DLL: Error Control, DLL: Framing, Data Link Layer - Ethernet, Net Layer: IPv4 & Proto, Net Layer: IP Addressing, Net Layer:Routing Protocol, Transport Layer Services, TL: Congestion & UDP, Application Layer, Hardware basics, Network Security
AI summary & chapters
AI Summary
An AI-generated summary of this video lecture.
This educational video provides a detailed lecture on converting non-deterministic grammars into deterministic grammars using the process of left factoring, a fundamental concept in compiler design. The instructor begins by presenting a specific problem on the screen: "Consider the following non-deterministic grammar and convert them into deterministic grammar by the process of left factoring." The initial grammar given is $S
ightarrow aSb / abS / ab$. He demonstrates the left factoring technique by first factoring out the common 'a', rewriting the production as $S
ightarrow aS'$. He then defines the new non-terminal $S'$ with the remaining suffixes: $S'
ightarrow Sb / bS / b$. He points out that $S'$ still has a common prefix 'b' in the second and third alternatives. He proceeds to factor out 'b' again, rewriting $S'$ as $S'
ightarrow Sb / bS''$ and defining $S''
ightarrow S / \epsilon$.
Chapters
0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00
The video begins with a clear problem statement displayed on the screen: "Consider the following non-deterministic grammar and convert them into deterministic grammar by the process of left factoring." The specific grammar provided is $S ightarrow aSb / abS / ab$. The instructor explains that this grammar is non-deterministic because the first two productions share a common prefix 'a'. He proceeds to apply the left factoring technique. First, he identifies the common prefix 'a' and rewrites the production rule as $S ightarrow aS'$. He then defines the new non-terminal $S'$ with the remaining parts of the original productions: $S' ightarrow Sb / bS / b$. However, he observes that the productions for $S'$ still contain a common prefix 'b' in the second and third alternatives ($bS$ and $b$). To resolve this, he factors out 'b' again, rewriting $S'$ as $S' ightarrow Sb / bS''$. Finally, he defines the new non-terminal $S''$ with the remaining parts: $S'' ightarrow S / \epsilon$.
2:00 – 4:23 02:00-04:23
The lecture transitions to a second example to reinforce the concept. The new grammar is $S ightarrow ab / abc / abcd / b$. The instructor starts by identifying the common prefix 'a' in the first three productions. He factors this out, rewriting the rule as $S ightarrow aS' / b$, and defines $S' ightarrow b / bc / bcd$. He then notices that $S'$ has a common prefix 'b' in all its alternatives. He factors out 'b' to get $S' ightarrow bS''$ and defines $S'' ightarrow \epsilon / c / cd$. The process continues as he identifies a common prefix 'c' in the last two alternatives of $S''$. He rewrites $S''$ as $S'' ightarrow cS''' / \epsilon$ and defines $S''' ightarrow d$. The video concludes with a slide titled "Simplification or Minimization of CFG," introducing the next topic of eliminating useless symbols, unit productions, and null productions.
The video effectively demonstrates the algorithmic approach to left factoring through two distinct examples, moving from a grammar with recursive structures to one with string literals. The instructor emphasizes the iterative nature of the process, showing that multiple levels of common prefixes may need to be factored out sequentially.